EBMcalc Medical Calculator

EBMcalc Literature References to Books, Chapters, and Journals

Legend

Show or hide associated calculators and MeSH terms with these graphics:
LCCN is a Library of Congress identifier linked to this graphic:
NLMN is a National Library of Medicine / National Center for Biotechnology Information identifier linked to this graphic:
OCLC is a WorldCat identifier linked to this graphic:
PMID is the PubMed ID number linked to this graphic:
General web references are linked to this graphic:
References are grouped by books, followed by chapters, then articles.

Citations and Methodology

All References

Abramowitz M, Stegun I. Handbook of Mathematical Functions With Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables, p932, 26.2.17. National Bureau of Standards Applied Mathematics Series 55, Washington, DC 1972. OCLC: 50266849
American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. ACAAI Asthma Disease Management Resource Manual. Arlington Heights, IL 1997. ACAAI.org
Baim D, ed. Grossman's Cardiac Catheterization, Angiography, and Intervention. Lipincott Williams & Wilkins 7th Ed. 2006. LCCN: 2005018112
Child CG, Turcotte JG. The Liver and Portal Hypertension. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co. 1964. NLMN ID: 46218
Daugirdas JT, Ing TS. Handbook of Dialysis. Second Edition (1994) pp 92-107. LCCN: 93019710
De Fer TM, Knoche EM, LaRossa GN, Sateia HF. The Washington manual internship survival guide. 4th edition Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013, page 9. NLMN ID: 101595791
Fletcher RH, Fletcher SW, Fletcher GS. Clinical Epidemiology The Essentials. 5th edition, Lippincott William & Wilkins Baltimore, 2013. NLMN ID: 101585375
Fletcher RH, Fletcher SW, Fletcher GS. Clinical Epidemiology The Essentials. 5th edition, Lippincott William & Wilkins Baltimore, 2013 p.102. NLMN ID: 101585375
Geurtsen M, Landelijke Stuurgroep Multidisciplinaire Richtlijnontwikkeling in de GGZ, et. al. Stoornissen in het gebruik van Alcohol. 2009 Utrecht: Trimbos-instituut, p.181. OCLC: 429460651
Global strategy for asthmatic management and prevention. NHLBI/WHO. International Report. NLMN ID: 101175280
Halperin ML, Kamel KS, Goldstein MB. Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base physiology : a problem-based approach. 4th edition, Philadelphia, Saunders/Elsevier, 2010. NLMN ID: 101472994
Hillman RS, Ault KA, Leporrier M, Rinder HM. Hematology in clinical practice. 5th edition, New York. McGraw-Hill Medical, 2011. NLMN ID: 101521459
Howlett B, Rogo EJ, Shelton TG. Evidence-based practice for health professionals : an interprofessional approach. Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2014, page 110. NLMN ID: 101591227
Jung CG, Hull RFC. Synchronicity; an acausal connecting principle. Translated by R. F. C. Hull. Princeton, N.J.; Princeton University Press, 1973. LCCN: 73011838
Kee JL, Paulanka BJ, Polek C. Handbook of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances. 3rd edition, Albany, Delmar, 2000. NLMN ID: 100883303
LaGow B, et al. PDR lab advisor. 1st edition, Montvale, Thompson PDR, 2001. NLMN ID: 101305336
McNally PR, ed. GI/liver secrets plus. Philadelphia, PA : Elsevier, Saunders, 2015, p. 281. NLMN ID: 101636686
Morgan, Mikhail, and Murray. Clinical Anesthesiology 3rd edition. New York, Langae Medical Books/McGraw-Hill. NLMN ID: 101136815
Murray JF, Nadel JA. Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. Philadelphia, Saunders May 2000, page 2046. NLMN ID: 100894103
Pagana, KD. Mosby's manual of diagnostic and laboratory tests. 6th edition, St. Louis, Elsevier, 2018. NLMN ID: 101720784
Pellicer JG, Boquet EM, Poveda Andres JL. PDAs : nuevas tecnologias para la practica asistencial de los servicios de farmacia. Madrid Janssen-Cilag 2004. OCLC: 433136349
Rodgers G, Young, N. The Bethesda handbook of clinical hematology. 4th edition, Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019. NLMN ID: 101717788
Ruppel G. Ruppel's manual of pulmonary function testing. 11th edition, St. Louis, Elsevier 2018. NLMN ID: 101705862
Schein M, Rogers PN, Leppaniemi A, Rosin D. Schein's Common Sense Prevention and MAnagement of Surgical Complications. Shrewsbury, UK : tfm Publishing Limited 2013 p.20. NLMN ID: 101624509
Scott L. Friedman, MD et. al. editors. Current Diagnosis & Treatment in Gastroenterology. 2nd Ed. (2003). NLMN ID: 101156628
Stein JH, ed. Internal Medicine. 4th edition. Mosby-Year Book. 1994. NLMN ID: 9309759
Venot A, Burgun A, Quantin C. Informatique medicale, e-Sante : Fondements et applications. Paris ; New York : Springer, 2013. NLMN ID: 101618766
West JB. Respiratory physiology: the essentials. 7th edition, Philadelphia, Lippincott William & Wilkins 2005. NLMN ID: 101205971
Beringer P, Winter ME. Aminoglycoside Antibiotics. In: Winter ME, ed. Basic Clinical Pharmacokinetcs, 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2003:130-171. LCCN: 2003054516
Brown DD, LeBlond RF, DeGowin RL. Principles of Diagnostic Testing. In: DeGowin's Diagnostic Examination. Chapter 17, 9th Ed. (2009). LCCN: 2008037098
Cayley WE. Chest Pain. In: Conn's Current Therapy. Kellerman, Rakel, eds. 2020, Elsevier, Philadelphia. OCLC: 1090386328
Cortes MT, Climent B, Florez G, et. al. Consecuencias bio-psico-sociales derivadas del consumo agudo y cronico del alcohol. In: Pastor FP, Serecigni JG, Gomez CP, Garcia JB eds. Alcoholismo Guias Clinicas SOCIDROGALCOHOL basadas en la EVIDENCIA CIENTIFICA 3rd edicion. 2013 Madrid, Grupo Saned, p.50.
Dillon BE, Morrissey RP. Chapter 47: Poisoning. In: Stone CK, Humphries RL, ed. CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Emergency Medicine, 8th edition. 2017 McGraw-Hill Education, Inc. OCLC: 959876721
Gauer OH. Kreislauf des Blutes. In: Landois L, Rosemann H-U, editors. Lehrbuch der Physiologie des Menschen. Berlin, Germany: Von Urban and Schwarzenberg; 1960. p. 95-135. NLMN ID: 44708
Gerald, MC, O'Bannon. In: Nursing pharmacology and therapeutics 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Incorporated 1988. LCCN: 87014471
Hoyt RE, Hersh WR. Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Practice Guidelines. In: Hoyt RE, Yoshihashi A, ed. Health Informatics: Practical Guide for Healthcare and Information Technology Professionals. 6th edition LuLu, Raleigh, N.C. OCLC: 881204370
Hutchinson RE, Davey FR. Hematopoiesis. In: Henry JB, ed. Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods 19th edition. WB Saunders 1996. NLMN ID: 9513812
Litman RS, Fiadjoe JE, Stricker PA, Cote CJ. The pediatric airway. In: Cote CJ, Lerman J, Anderson B (Eds). A Practice of Anesthesia for Infants and Children, 5th ed. Saunders-Elsevier, Philadelphia 2013. p.237. NLMN ID: 101591910
Matthews SJ. Aminoglycosides. In: Schumacher GE, ed. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange; 1995:237-294. NLMN ID: 9441785
Morris DG. Intravenous calculations. In: Calculate with confidence 6th ed., pp. 536-602. 2018 St. Louis: Elsevier.
Nitsch-Osuch A, Golebiak I, Wyszkowska D, et.al. Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Polish Patients with Chronic Diseases. In: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer US, 2017.
Nolan KA, Mohs RC. Screening for dementia in family practice. In: Richter RW, Blass JP eds. Alzheimer's Disease: A guide to practical management, Part II. St. Louis, Mo. Mosby Year Book, Inc. 1994:81-95. OCLC: 39751494
Saseedharan S, Karanam R, Lewis HA . Availability and Applicability of Apps in the ICU: Digitalization in Critical Care. In: Todi S, Dixit SB, Zirpe K, Mehta Y, ed. Critical Care Update 2019, p. 277-281. 2019 Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. OCLC: 1099315891
Young S, El Marjiya-Villarreal S, Williams GW. Anesthesia procedures, methods, and techniques. In: Williams GW, Williams ES, ed. Basic Anesthesiology Examination Review. 1st edition, Oxford University Press, 2016. NLMN ID: 101660443
Miller TR, Anderson RJ, Linas SL, et al. Urinary diagnostic indices in acute renal failure: a prospective study. Ann Intern Med. 1978 Jul;89(1):47-50. PubMed ID: 666184
Abid Z, Kuppermann N, Tancredi DJ, Dayan PS. Risk of Traumatic Brain Injuries in Infants Younger than 3 Months With Minor Blunt Head Trauma. Ann Emerg Med. 2021 Sep;78(3):321-330.e1. PubMed ID: 34148662
ACP Journal Club. Definitions relating to data presentation in Theraputics. Ann Int Med. 2019; 171:JC24.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network, Brower RG, Matthay MA, et al. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2000; 342:1301. PubMed ID: 10793162
Adams RD, Foley JM. Neurologic changes in more common forms of severe liver disease. Trans Am Neurol Assoc. 1949; 74:217-219.
Adapted from Homes et al. and The CFIDS Association of America, Inc. November, 1993.
Adapted from Rural Family Medicine Website: http://www.ruralfamilymedicine.org accessed 5/6/1998.
Adler M, Van Laethem J, Gilbert A, et al. Factors influencing survival at one year in patients with nonbiliary hepatic parenchymal cirrhosis. Dig Dis Sci. 35:1-5:1990. PubMed ID: 2295285
Adler RA, Tran MT, Petkov VI. Performance of the Osteoporosis Self-assessment Screening Tool for osteoporosis in American men. Mayo Clin Proc. 2003 Jun;78(6):723-7. PubMed ID: 12934782
Adrogue HJ, Madias NE. Hypernatremia. N Engl J Med. 2000 May 18;342(20):1493-9. PubMed ID: 10816188
Adrogue HJ, Madias NE. Hyponatremia. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(21):1581-89. PubMed ID: 10824078
Aerts M, Minalu G, Bösner S, et al. Pooled individual patient data from five countries were used to derive a clinical prediction rule for coronary artery disease in primary care. J Clin Epidemiol. 2017 Jan;81:120-128. PubMed ID: 27773828
Agarwal A, Lang E. In adults hospitalized with COVID-19, the 5-variable SOARS score predicted in-hospital mortality. Ann Intern Med. 2021 Aug;174(8):JC95. PubMed ID: 34339229
Agoritsas T, Iserman E, Hobson N, et al. Increasing the quantity and quality of searching for current best evidence to answer clinical questions: protocol and intervention design of the MacPLUS FS Factorial Randomized Controlled Trials. Implement Sci. 2014 Sep 20;9(1):125. PubMed ID: 25239537
Aguilar-Ramirez D, Herrington WG. In CKD, the Kidney Failure Risk Equation predicted 2-y risk for ESKD better than eGFR alone. Ann Intern Med. 2022 May;175(5):JC59. PubMed ID: 35500267
Ak R, Doganay F. Comparison of four different threshold values of shock index in predicting mortality of COVID-19 patients. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2021 Dec 23:1-15. PubMed ID: 34937595
Al-Gwaiz LA, Babay HH. The diagnostic value of absolute neutrophil count, band count and morphologic changes of neutrophils in predicting bacterial infections. Med Princ Pract. 2007;16(5):344-7. PubMed ID: 17709921
Alberg AJ, Park JW, Hager BW, et al. The use of "overall accuracy" to evaluate the validity of screening or diagnostic tests. J Gen Intern Med. 2004 May;19(5 Pt 1):460-5. Review. PubMed ID: 15109345
Albert MS, Dell RB, Winters RW. Quantitative displacement of acid-base equilibrium in metabolic acidosis. Ann Intern Med. 1967 Feb;66(2):312-22. PubMed ID: 6016545
Aletaha D, Nell VP, Stamm T, et al. Acute phase reactants add little to composite disease activity indices for rheumatoid arthritis: validation of a clinical activity score. Arthritis Res Ther. 2005;7(4):R796-806. PubMed ID: 15987481
Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ, et al. 2010 Rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Sep;62(9):2569-81. PubMed ID: 20872595
Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ, et al. 2010 rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Sep;69(9):1580-8. PubMed ID: 20699241
Aletaha D, Smolen J. The Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) and the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI): a review of their usefulness and validity in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2005 Sep-Oct;23(5 Suppl 39):S100-8. PubMed ID: 16273793
Aletaha D, Ward MM, Machold KP, et al. Remission and active disease in rheumatoid arthritis: defining criteria for disease activity states. Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Sep;52(9):2625-36. PubMed ID: 16142705
Aletreby WT, Mumtaz SA, Shahzad SA, et al. External Validation of 4C ISARIC Mortality Score in Critically ill COVID-19 Patients from Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Med Med Sci. 2022 Jan-Apr;10(1):19-24. PubMed ID: 35283713
Alherk MA, Yahia MAMK, Bery K. How Websites and Mobile Applications Wrongly Calculate eGFR by MDRD Equation. Sch J App Med Sci. 2022 July 10(7): 1078-1085.
Alizadehsani R, Roshanzamir M, Hussain S, et al. Handling of uncertainty in medical data using machine learning and probability theory techniques: a review of 30 years (1991-2020). Ann Oper Res. 2021 Mar 21:1-42. PubMed ID: 33776178
Alper BS, Flynn A, Bray BE, et al. Categorizing metadata to help mobilize computable biomedical knowledge. Learn Health Sys. 2021;e10271.
Alper BS, Oettgen P, Kunnamo I, et al. GRADE Working Group. Defining certainty of net benefit: a GRADE concept paper. BMJ Open. 2019 Jun 4;9(6):e027445. PubMed ID: 31167868
Alrezk R, Jackson N, Al Rezk M, et al. Derivation and Validation of a Geriatric-Sensitive Perioperative Cardiac Risk Index. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017; 6(11): e006648. PubMed ID: 29146612
Altman DG, Chitty LS. New charts for ultrasound dating of pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1997 Sep;10(3):174-91. PubMed ID: 9339525
Alvarado A. A practical score for the early diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Ann Emerg Med. 1986 May;15(5):557-64. PubMed ID: 3963537
Amarasekera M. Immunoglobulin E in health and disease. Asia Pac Allergy. 2011 Apr;1(1):12-5. PubMed ID: 22053291
American College of Physicians. Clinical guideline, part 1. Screening for thyroid disease. Ann Intern Med. 1998 Jul 15;129(2):141-3. PubMed ID: 9669976
Amin F, Lombardi J, Alhussein M, et al. Predicting Survival After VA-ECMO for Refractory Cardiogenic Shock: Validating the SAVE Score. CJC Open. 2020 Sep 16;3(1):71-81. PubMed ID: 33458635
Ammann P, Sticherling C, Kalusche D, et al. An Electrocardiogram-Based Algorithm To Detect Loss of Left Ventricular Capture during Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Jun 21;142(12_Part_1):968-973. PubMed ID: 15968011
Anderson J, Caplan L, Yazdany J, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis disease activity measures: American College of Rheumatology recommendations for use in clinical practice. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012 May;64(5):640-7. PubMed ID: 22473918
Angulo P, Hui JM, Marchesini G, et al. The NAFLD fibrosis score: a noninvasive system that identifies liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. Hepatology. 2007; 45:846. PubMed ID: 17393509
Angulo P, Keach JC, Batts KP, Lindor KD. Independent predictors of liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology. 1999; 30: 1356-62. PubMed ID: 10573511
Antman EM, Cohen M, Bernink PJ, et al. The TIMI risk score for unstable angina/non-ST elevation MI: A method for prognostication and therapeutic decision making. JAMA. 2000 Aug 16;284(7):835-42. PubMed ID: 10938172
Apgar V, Holaday DA, James LS, et al. Evaluation of the newborn infant. JAMA. 1958, 168: 1985-1988. PubMed ID: 13598635
Apgar V. A proposal of a New Method of Evaluation of the Newborn Infant. Current Researches in Anesthesia and Analgesia. 1953, 32: 260-267. PubMed ID: 13083014
Appelman Y, Mannaerts HFJ, van Dantzig JM, et al. Effect of Using the HEART Score in Patients With Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: A Stepped-Wedge, Cluster Randomized Trial. Ann Intern Med. 2017 May 16;166(10):689-697. PubMed ID: 28437795
Aris IM, Kleinman KP, Belfort MB, et al. A 2017 US Reference for Singleton Birth Weight Percentiles Using Obstetric Estimates of Gestation. Pediatrics. 2019 Jul;144(1). PubMed ID: 31201230
Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, et al. 2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2019 Sep 10;140(11):e596-e646. PubMed ID: 30879355
Arnett FC, Edworthy SM, Bloch DA, et al. The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1988 Mar;31(3):315-24. PubMed ID: 3358796
Arora M, Klein JP, Weisdorf DJ, et al. Chronic GVHD risk score: a Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research analysis. Blood. 2011 Jun 16;117(24):6714-20. Erratum in: Blood. 2011 Dec 22;118(26):6992. PubMed ID: 21493797
Arozullah AM, Daley J, Henderson WG, Khuri SF. Multifactorial risk index for predicting postoperative respiratory failure in adult males after major noncardiac surgery. The National Veterans Administration Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Ann Surg. 2000 Aug;232(2):242-53. PubMed ID: 10903604
Arozullah AM, Khuri SF, Henderson WG, et al. Development and validation of a multifactorial risk index for predicting postoperative pneumonia after major noncardiac surgery. Ann Intern Med. 2001 Nov 20;135(10):847-57. PubMed ID: 11712875
Asch MJ, Dell RB, Williams GS, Cohen M, Winters RW. Time course for development of respiratory compensation in metabolic acidosis. J Lab Clin Med. 1969 Apr;73(4):610-5. PubMed ID: 5775132
Assmann G, Cullen P, Schulte H. Simple scoring scheme for calculating the risk of acute coronary events based on the 10-year follow-up of the prospective cardiovascular Munster (PROCAM) study. Circulation. 2002 Jan 22;105(3):310-5. Erratum in: Circulation 2002 Feb 19;105(7):900. PubMed ID: 11804985
Aubert CE, Schnipper JL, Williams MV, et al. Simplification of the HOSPITAL score for predicting 30-day readmissions. BMJ Qual Saf. 2017 Oct;26(10):799-805. PubMed ID: 28416652
Auble TE, Hsieh M, McCausland JB, Yealy DM. Comparison of four clinical prediction rules for estimating risk in heart failure. Ann Emerg Med. 2007 Aug;50(2):127-35, 135.e1-2. Epub 2007 Apr 20. PubMed ID: 17449141
Aujesky D, Obrosky DS, Stone RA, et al. Derivation and validation of a prognostic model for pulmonary embolism. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 Oct 15;172(8):1041-6. Epub 2005 Jul 14. PubMed ID: 16020800
Ay C, Dunkler D, Marosi C, et al. Prediction of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients. Blood. 2010; 116:5377. PubMed ID: 20829374
Aylward GP. Confounds in Developmental Scores When Correcting for Prematurity. Pediatrics. 2022 Oct 1;150(4):e2022057857. PubMed ID: 36097857
Babor, TF, Higgins-Biddle, JC, Saunders, JB, Monteiro, MG. The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test: Guidelines for Use in Primary Care, Second Edition. World Health Organization, 2001.
Bach PB, Kattan MW, Thornquist MD, et al. Variations in lung cancer risk among smokers. JNCI. 2003; 95: 470-8. PubMed ID: 12644540
Backus BE, Six AJ, Kelder JC, et al. A prospective validation of the HEART score for chest pain patients at the emergency department. Int J Cardiol. 2013 Oct 3;168(3):2153-8. PubMed ID: 23465250
Bahl V, Hu HM, Henke PK, et al. validation study of a retrospective venous thromboembolism risk scoring method. Ann Surg. 2010 Feb;251(2):344-50. PubMed ID: 19779324
Bahlmann E, Gerdts E, Cramariuc D, et al. Prognostic value of energy loss index in asymptomatic aortic stenosis. Circulation. 2013 Mar 12;127(10):1149-56. PubMed ID: 23357717
Baird AE, Dambrosia J, Janket S, et al. A three-item scale for the early prediction of stroke recovery. Lancet. 2001; 357: 2095-9. PubMed ID: 11445104
Baker SP, O'Neill B, Haddon W Jr, Long WB. The injury severity score: a method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care. J Trauma. 1974 Mar;14(3):187-96. PubMed ID: 4814394
Balasubramanian S, Ravikumar NR, Chakkarapani E, Shivbalan SO. Peak expiratory flow rate in children--a ready reckoner. Indian Pediatr. 2002; 39:104. PubMed ID: 11805367
Banegas MP, John EM, Slattery ML, et al. Projecting Individualized Absolute Invasive Breast Cancer Risk in US Hispanic Women. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2016; 109:djw215. PubMed ID: 28003316
Bang H, Edwards AM, Bomback AS, et al. Development and validation of a patient self-assessment score for diabetes risk. Ann Intern Med. 2009 Dec 1;151(11):775-83. PubMed ID: 19949143
Bansal N, Katz R, De Boer IH, et al. Development and validation of a model to predict 5-year risk of death without ESRD among older adults with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015 Mar 6;10(3):363-71. PubMed ID: 25710804
Barbar S, Noventa F, Rossetto V, et al. A risk assessment model for the identification of hospitalized medical patients at risk for venous thromboembolism: the Padua Prediction Score. J Thromb Haemost. 2010 Nov;8(11):2450-7. PubMed ID: 20738765
Barbour SJ, Coppo R, Zhang H, et al. Application of the International IgA Nephropathy Prediction Tool one or two years post-biopsy. Kidney Int. 2022 Jul;102(1):160-172. PubMed ID: 35490842
Barbour SJ, Coppo R, Zhang H, et al. Evaluating a New International Risk-Prediction Tool in IgA Nephropathy. JAMA Intern Med. 2019 Jul 1;179(7):942-952. PubMed ID: 30980653
Barbour SJ, Espino-Hernandez G, Reich HN, et al. The MEST score provides earlier risk prediction in lgA nephropathy. Kidney Int. 2016 Jan;89(1):167-75. PubMed ID: 26759049
Barda AJ, Ruiz VM, Gigliotti T, Tsui FR. An argument for reporting data standardization procedures in multi-site predictive modeling: case study on the impact of LOINC standardization on model performance. JAMIA Open. 2019 Apr;2(1):197-204. PubMed ID: 30944914
Barnett GO, Winickoff R, Dorsey JL, et al. Quality assurance through automated monitoring and concurrent feedback using a computer-based medical information system. Med Care. 1978 Nov;16(11):962-70. PubMed ID: 101723
Barratt-Boyes BG, Wood EH. Cardiac output and related measurements and pressure values in the right heart and associated vessels, together with an analysis of the hemo-dynamic response to the inhalation of high oxygen mixtures in healthy subjects. J Lab Clin Med. 1958 Jan;51(1):72-90. PubMed ID: 13514210
Barry MJ, Fowler FJ Jr, O'Leary MP,et al. The American Urological Association symptom index for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The Measurement Committee of the American Urological Association. J Urol. 1992 Nov;148(5):1549-57. PubMed ID: 1279218
Barsoum NR, Levine BS. Current prescriptions for the correction of hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia: are they too simple? Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002 Jul;17(7):1176-80. PubMed ID: 12105238
Barua RS, Rigotti NA, Benowitz NL, et al. 2018 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Tobacco Cessation Treatment: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 Dec 25;72(25):3332-3365. PubMed ID: 30527452
Baser ME, Friedman JM, Wallace AJ, et al. Evaluation of clinical diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis 2. Neurology. 2002 Dec 10;59(11):1759-65. PubMed ID: 12473765
Bastuji-Garin S, Fouchard N, Bertocchi M, et.al. SCORTEN: a severity-of-illness score for toxic epidermal necrolysis. J Invest Dermatol. 2000 Aug;115(2):149-53. PubMed ID: 10951229
Bates DW, Kuperman GJ, Wang S, et al. Ten commandments for effective clinical decision support: making the practice of evidence-based medicine a reality. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2003 Nov-Dec;10(6):523-30. PubMed ID: 12925543
Bates ER. ACP Journal Club. Review: Sgarbossa scores > or = 3 have low sensitivity and high specificity for predicting MI in left bundle branch block. Ann Intern Med. 2009 Feb 17;150(4):JC2-15. PubMed ID: 19238613
Bazett HC. An analysis of the time relationships of electrocardiograms. Heart. 1920; 7:355.
Beckles MA, Spiro SG, Colice GL, Rudd RM. The physiologic evaluation of patients with lung cancer being considered for resectional surgery. American College of Chest Physicians. Chest. 2003; 123:105S. PubMed ID: 12527570
Beghe C. A 6-point risk score precdicted which elderly patients would fall in hospital. ACP J Club. 1998 May-June 128;81.
Beighton P, De Paepe A, Steinmann B, Tsipouras P, Wenstrup RJ. Ehlers-Danlos syndromes: revised nosology, Villefranche, 1997. Ehlers- Danlos National Foundation (USA) and Ehlers-Danlos Support Group (UK). Am J Med Genet. 77:31-7. PubMed ID: 9557891
Bello-Chavolla OY, Bahena-Lopez JP, Antonio-Villa NE, et al. Predicting Mortality Due to SARS-CoV-2: A Mechanistic Score Relating Obesity and Diabetes to COVID-19 Outcomes in Mexico. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Aug 1;105(8):dgaa346. PubMed ID: 32474598
Belmares J, Gerding DN, Parada JP, et al. Outcome of metronidazole therapy for Clostridium difficile disease and correlation with a scoring system. J Infect. 2007 Dec;55(6):495-501. PubMed ID: 17983659
Bendapudi PK, Hurwitz S, Fry A, et al. Derivation and external validation of the PLASMIC score for rapid assessment of adults with thrombotic microangiopathies: a cohort study. Lancet Haematol. 2017 Apr;4(4):e157. PubMed ID: 28259520
Benichou J, Gail MH. Estimates of absolute cause-specific risk in cohort studies. Biometrics. 1990; 46:813. PubMed ID: 2242416
Bennett EM, Albert R, Goldstein AC. Communications through limited response questioning. Public Opinion Q. 1954; 18:303-308.
Benza RL, Gomberg-Maitland M, Miller DP, et al. The REVEAL Registry risk score calculator in patients newly diagnosed with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Chest. 2012 Feb;141(2):354-62. PubMed ID: 21680644
Benza RL, Miller DP, Gomberg-Maitland M, et al. Predicting survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension: insights from the Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-Term Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Disease Management (REVEAL). Circulation. 2010 Jul 13;122(2):164-72. PubMed ID: 20585012
Berenguer J, Borobia AM, Ryan P, et al. Development and validation of a prediction model for 30-day mortality in hospitalised patients with COVID-19: the COVID-19 SEIMC score. Thorax. 2021 Feb 25:thoraxjnl-2020-216001. PubMed ID: 33632764
Bergenstal RM, Beck RW, Close KL, et al. Glucose Management Indicator (GMI): A New Term for Estimating A1C From Continuous Glucose Monitoring. Diabetes Care. 2018 Nov;41(11):2275-2280. PubMed ID: 30224348
Berk PD, Goldberg JD, Donovan PB, et al. Therapeutic recommendations in polycythemia vera based on Polycythemia Vera Study Group protocols. Semin Hematol. 1986 Apr;23(2):132-43. PubMed ID: 3704665
Best WR, Becktel JM, Singleton JW, Kern F Jr. Development of a Crohn's disease activity index. National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study. Gastroenterology. 1976; 70:439. PubMed ID: 1248701
Best WR. Predicting the Crohn's disease activity index from the Harvey-Bradshaw Index. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2006; 12:304. PubMed ID: 16633052
Beyth RJ, Quinn LM, Landefeld CS. Prospective evaluation of an index for predicting the risk of major bleeding in outpatients treated with warfarin. Am J Med. 1998 Aug;105(2):91-99. PubMed ID: 9727814
Bhagat CI, Garcia-Webb P, Fletcher E, et al. Calculated vs measured plasma osmolalities revisited. Clin Chem. 1984 Oct;30(10):1703-5. PubMed ID: 6537784
Bilezikian JP. Primary Hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Nov 1;103(11):3993-4004. PubMed ID: 30060226
Bishop EH. Pelvic Scoring for Elective Induction. Obstet Gynecol. 1964 Aug;24:266-8. PubMed ID: 14199536
Black DM, Steinbuch M, Palermo L, et al. An assessment tool for predicting fracture risk in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2001;12(7):519-28. PubMed ID: 11527048
Blanchard AR, Golish JA. A predictive model using pulmonary-function parametere identified snorers at low risk fir the sleep apnea syndrome. ACP J Club. 2001 Jul-Aug;135:37.
Blatchford O, Murray WR, Blatchford M. A risk score to predict need for treatment for upper-gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Lancet. 2000 Oct 14;356(9238):1318-21. PubMed ID: 11073021
Bleich HL. Computer Evaluation of Acid-Base Disorders. J Clin Invest. 1969; 48:1689-1696. PubMed ID: 4898409
Bloch R. 5 simple clinical variables predicted 1-year survival after traumatic brain injury. ACP J Club. 1999 Nov-Dec;131:88.
Bloch R. A decision rule with 7 clinical criteria identified patients with minor head injury who did not need computed tomography. ACP J Club. 2001 Mar-Apr; 134:74.
Bloch R. Absence of 5 clinical criteria ruled out cervical spine injury in blunt trauma in the emergency department. ACP J Club. 2001 Mar-Apr;134:75.
Bloom DA. Acronyms, abbreviations and initialisms. BJU Int. 2000 Jul;86(1):1-6. PubMed ID: 10886074
Bloomgren G, Richman S, Hotermans C, et al. Risk of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. N Engl J Med. 2012 May 17;366(20):1870-80. PubMed ID: 22591293
Blumenthal RS, Morris PB, Gaudino M, et al. 2026 ACC/AHA/AACVPR/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Dyslipidemia: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2026 Mar 13. PubMed ID: 41824552
Body R, Carlton E, Sperrin M, et al. Troponin-only Manchester Acute Coronary Syndromes (T-MACS) decision aid: single biomarker re-derivation and external validation in three cohorts. Emerg Med J. 2017 Jun;34(6):349-356.
Bohner H, Yang Q, Franke C, Verreet PR, et al. Simple data from history and physical examination help to exclude bowel obstruction and to avoid radiographic studies in patients with acute abdominal pain. Eur J Surg. 1998 Oct;164(10):777-84. PubMed ID: 9840308
Bonacini M, Hadi G, Govindarajan S, Lindsay KL. Utility of a discriminant score for diagnosing advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Am J Gastroenterol. 1997 Aug;92(8):1302-4. PubMed ID: 9260794
Bonadio WA. The cerebrospinal fluid: physiologic aspects and alterations associated with bacterial meningitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1992 Jun;11(6):423-31. PubMed ID: 1608676
Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB, et al. Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. Chest. 1992 Jun;101(6):1644-55. PubMed ID: 1303622
Bonis PA, Tong MJ, Blatt LM, et al. A predictive model for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, liver failure, or liver transplantation for patients presenting to clinic with chronic hepatitis C. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999; 94: 1605-12. PubMed ID: 10364032
Borson S, Brush M, Gil E, et al. The Clock Drawing Test: utility for dementia detection in multiethnic elders. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1999 Nov;54(11):M534-40. PubMed ID: 10619314
Borson S, Scanlan J, Brush M, et al. The mini-cog: a cognitive 'vital signs' measure for dementia screening in multi-lingual elderly. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2000 Nov;15(11):1021-7. PubMed ID: 11113982
Borson S, Scanlan JM, Chen P, Ganguli M. The Mini-Cog as a screen for dementia: validation in a population-based sample. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003 Oct;51(10):1451-4. PubMed ID: 14511167
Bouillanne O, Morineau G, Dupont C, et al. Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index: a new index for evaluating at-risk elderly medical patients. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Oct;82(4):777-83. PubMed ID: 16210706
Bourke DL, Smith TC. Estimating allowable hemodilution. Anesthesiology. 1974 Dec;41(6):609-12. PubMed ID: 4433062
Bowerman C, Bhakta NR, Brazzale D, et al. A Race-neutral Approach to the Interpretation of Lung Function Measurements. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2023; 207:768. PubMed ID: 36383197
Brancati FL. A piece of my mind. Morning distort. JAMA. 1991 Sep 25;266(12):1627. PubMed ID: 1886180
Brancati FL. The art of pimping. JAMA. 1989 Jul 7;262(1):89-90. PubMed ID: 2733128
Brandenburg KM. Dissertation: Senior Women's Body Image Perceptions and Successful Aging Beliefs. Conway School of Nursing Of The Catholic University of America. 2020.
Brass LM, Lichtman JH, Wang Y, et al. Intracranial hemorrhage associated with thrombolytic therapy for elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction. Stroke. 2000; 31: 1802-11. PubMed ID: 10926938
Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool. National Cancer Institute. https://bcrisktool.cancer.gov/about.html (Accessed on September 20, 2022).
Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium Risk Calculator. Available at: https://tools.bcsc-scc.org/BC5yearRisk/calculator.htm (Accessed on September 28, 2022).
Brethauer SA, Kim J, el Chaar M, et al. Standardized outcomes reporting in metabolic and bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2015; 11:489. PubMed ID: 26093765
Breyer JA. Acid base course material. 6th National Critical Care Medicine Review Course.
Bright TJ, Wong A, Dhurjati R, Bristow E, et al. Effect of clinical decision-support systems: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2012 Jul 3;157(1):29-43. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-157-1-201207030-00450. Review. PubMed ID: 22751758
Brophy J. ACP Journal Club. A model combining clinical assessment and NT-proBNP level accurately predicted heart failure in ED patients with dyspnea. Ann Intern Med. 2010 Jan 19;152(2):JC1-13. doi: 10.1059/0003-4819-152-2-201001190-02013. PubMed ID: 20083816
Brott T, Adams HP Jr, Olinger CP, et al. Measurements of acute cerebral infarction: a clinical examination scale. Stroke. 1989 Jul;20(7):864-70. PubMed ID: 2749846
Brunelli A, Kim AW, Berger KI, Addrizzo-Harris DJ. Physiologic evaluation of the patient with lung cancer being considered for resectional surgery: Diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2013 May;143(5 Suppl):e166S-90S. doi: 10.1378/chest.12-2395. PubMed ID: 23649437
Bryant R, Nix D. Acute and Chronic Wounds Intraprofessionals from Novice to Expert, Sixth ed. Elsevier 2023. ISBN: 978-0-323-71190-6.
Buckley NA, Whyte IM, O'Connell DL, et al. Activated charcoal reduces the need for N-acetylcysteine treatment after acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdose. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1999;37(6):753-7. PubMed ID: 10584587
Buckley RG, King KJ, Disney JD, et al. History and physical examination to estimate the risk of ectopic pregnancy: validation of a clinical prediction model. Ann Emerg Med. 1999; 34: 589-94. PubMed ID: 10533005
Bulger EM, Smith DG, Maier RV, Jurkovich GJ. Fat embolism syndrome.A 10-year review. Arch Surg. 1997, 132: 435-439. PubMed ID: 9108767
Bundy JD, Mills KT, Anderson AH, et al. Prediction of End-Stage Kidney Disease Using Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate With and Without Race : A Prospective Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med. 2022 Jan 11. PubMed ID: 35007146
Burton ME, Chow MS, Platt DR, et al. Accuracy of Bayesian and Sawchuk-Zaske dosing methods for gentamicin. Clin Pharm. 1986 Feb;5(2):143-9. PubMed ID: 3754192
Busto U, Naranjo CA, Sellers EM. Comparison of two recently published algorithms for assessing the probability of adverse drug reactions. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1982 Feb;13(2):223-7. PubMed ID: 7059419
Butler DC, Petterson S, Phillips RL, Bazemore AW. Measures of social deprivation that predict health care access and need within a rational area of primary care service delivery. Health Serv Res. 2013; 48:539. PubMed ID: 22816561
Butterfield LJ, Apgar V. Correspondence regarding use of "APGAR" as a backronym for Apgar score components. http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101584647X95, http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101584647X94.
Buysse DJ. Sleep health: can we define it? Does it matter? Sleep. 2014 Jan 1;37(1):9-17. PubMed ID: 24470692
Byrt T, Bishop J, Carlin JB. Bias, prevalence and kappa. J Clin Epidem. 1993; v46 #5, 423-429. PubMed ID: 8501467
Cadarette SM, Jaglal SB, Kreiger N, et al. Development and validation of the Osteoporosis Risk Assessment Instrument to facilitate selection of women for bone densitometry. CMAJ. 2000 May 2;162(9):1289-94. PubMed ID: 10813010
Cairns JA. ACP journal club. CHA2DS2-VASc had better discrimination than CHADS2 for predicting risk for thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med. 2011 May 17;154(10):JC5-13. doi: 10.1059/0003-4819-154-10-201105170-02013. PubMed ID: 21576531
Callahan CM, Unverzagt FW, Hui SL, et al. Six-item screener to identify cognitive impairment among potential subjects for clinical research. Med Care. 2002 Sep;40(9):771-81. PubMed ID: 12218768
Camilli G. Origin of the Scaling Constant d = 1.7 in Item Response Theory. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics. 1994; 19(3):295.
Candel BGJ, Nissen SK, Nickel CH, et al. Development and External Validation of the International Early Warning Score for Improved Age- and Sex-Adjusted In-Hospital Mortality Prediction in the Emergency Department. Crit Care Med. 2023 Jul 1;51(7):881-891. PubMed ID: 36951452
Canet J, Gallart L, Gomar C, et al. Prediction of postoperative pulmonary complications in a population-based surgical cohort. Anesthesiology. 2010 Dec;113(6):1338-50. PubMed ID: 21045639
Cannon CP, Thompson B, McCabe CH, et al. Predictors of non-Q-wave myocardial infarction in patients with acute ischemic syndromes: an analysis from the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Ischemia (TIMI) III trials. Am J Cardiology. 1995;75:977-981. PubMed ID: 7747698
Caplan LR. Scores of Scores. JAMA Neurol. 70(2):252-253. PubMed ID: 23165963
Caprini JA. Thrombosis risk assessment as a guide to quality patient care. Dis Mon. 2005 Feb-Mar;51(2-3):70-8. PubMed ID: 15900257
Carey T. ACP Journal Club. Review: Some instruments predict development of persistent, disabling low back pain. Ann Intern Med. 2010 Aug 17;153(4):JC2-13. doi: 10.1059/0003-4819-153-4-201008170-02013. PubMed ID: 20713780
Carithers RL Jr, Herlong HF, Diehl AM, Shaw EW, Combes B, Fallon HJ, Maddrey WC. Methylprednisolone therapy in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. A randomized multicenter trial. Ann Intern Med. 1989 May 1;110(9):685-90. PubMed ID: 2648927
Carlson J, Crespo J. Supporting Public Health. J Hosp Librarianship. 2023; Dec 19.
Carney S, Doll H. Introduction to biostatistics: Part 2. Measures of association as used to address therapy, harm, and etiology questions. ACP J Club. 2005 Sep-Oct;143(2):A8. PubMed ID: 16134901
Carpenter CR, Cone DC, Sarli CC. Using publication metrics to highlight academic productivity and research impact. Acad Emerg Med. 2014 Oct;21(10):1160-72. PubMed ID: 25308141
Carstairs SD, Suchard JR, Smith T, et al. Contribution of serum ethanol concentration to the osmol gap: a prospective volunteer study. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2013 Jun;51(5):398-401. PubMed ID: 23641935
Casey BM, McIntire DD, Leveno KJ. The continuing value of the Apgar score for the assessment of newborn infants. N Engl J Med. 2001 Feb 15;344(7):467-71. PubMed ID: 11172187
Castro-Dominguez YS, Wang Y, Minges KE, et al. Predicting In-Hospital Mortality in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021 Jul 20;78(3):216-229. PubMed ID: 33957239
CDC Case Definition online: http://www.cdc.gov/sars/.
Cederholm J, Eeg-Olofsson K, Eliasson B, et al., Swedish National Diabetes Register. A new model for 5-year risk of cardiovascular disease in Type 1 diabetes; from the Swedish National Diabetes Register (NDR). Diabet Med. 2011 Oct;28(10):1213-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03342.x. PubMed ID: 21627687
Celli BR, Cote CG, Marin JM, et al. The body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea and exercise capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2004 Mar 4;350(10):1005-12. PubMed ID: 14999112
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Human Rabies Prevention, U.S. MMWR. 1999; 48 (No.RR-1).
Centers for Disease Control. Evaluating Patients for Smallpox: Acute, Generalized Vesicular or Pustular Rash Illness Protocol. http://www.cdc.gov/smallpox. accessed 12/24/2025.
Cerner Corporation. HIMSS 2020 Guide. 2020.
Chalmers JD, Goeminne P, Aliberti S, et al. The bronchiectasis severity index. An international derivation and validation study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014 Mar 1;189(5):576-85. PubMed ID: 24328736
Chalmers JD, Singanayagam A, Akram AR, et al. Severity assessment tools for predicting mortality in hospitalised patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax. 2010 Oct;65(10):878-83. doi: 10.1136/thx.2009.133280. Epub 2010 Aug 20. Review. PubMed ID: 20729231
Chandramohan L, Vargas G, Dowlin M, et al. Performance of a parallel diagnostic algorithm for HIV diagnosis in low risk pediatric and obstetric patient populations. J Clin Virol. 2014 Nov;61(3):418-22. PubMed ID: 25193614
Chapman BC, Herbert B, Rodil M, et al. RibScore: A novel radiographic score based on fracture pattern that predicts pneumonia, respiratory failure, and tracheostomy. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016 Jan;80(1):95-101. PubMed ID: 26683395
Charles PG, Wolfe R, Whitby M, Fine MJ, Australian Community-Acquired Pneumonia Study Collaboration, et al. SMART-COP: a tool for predicting the need for intensive respiratory or vasopressor support in community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Aug 1;47(3):375-84. doi: 10.1086/589754. PubMed ID: 18558884
Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis. 1987;40(5):373-83. PubMed ID: 3558716
Chatterjee S. ACP Journal Club. A 13-item score based on readily available risk factors predicted risk for 3-year mortality in heart failure. Ann Intern Med. 2013 Jan 15;158(2):JC13. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-158-2-201301150-02013. PubMed ID: 23318335
Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):507-513. PubMed ID: 32007143
Chen T, Guestrin C. Xgboost: A scalable tree boosting system. arxiv e-prints. arXiv preprint arXiv:1603.0275, 2016.
Cheng D, DuMontier C, Yildirim C, et al. Updating and Validating the U.S. Veterans Affairs Frailty Index: Transitioning From ICD-9 to ICD-10. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2021 Jun 14;76(7):1318-1325. PubMed ID: 33693638
Chertow GM, Lazarus JM, Lew NL, et al. Development of a population-specific regression equation to estimate total body water in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 1997 May;51(5):1578-82. PubMed ID: 9150475
Chiang ST. A nomogram for venous shunt (Qs-Qt) calculation. Thorax. 1968 Sep;23(5):563-5. PubMed ID: 5680242
Childs JD, Fritz JM, Flynn TW, et al. A clinical prediction rule to identify patients with low back pain most likely to benefit from spinal manipulation: a validation study. Ann Intern Med. 2004 Dec 21;141(12):920-8. PubMed ID: 15611489
Chiolero A, Paradis G, Simonetti GD, Bovet P. Absolute height-specific thresholds to identify elevated blood pressure in children. J Hypertens. 2013 Jun;31(6):1170-4. PubMed ID: 23552125
Choi HK, Ghobrial M, Mazzone PJ. Models to Estimate the Probability of Malignancy in Patients with Pulmonary Nodules. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2018 Jul 24. PubMed ID: 30040432
Chong CA. Don't read this article. Ann Intern Med. 2013 Apr 2;158(7):566-7. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-158-7-201304020-00012. PubMed ID: 23546571
Chopard P, Spirk D, Bounameaux H. Identifying acutely ill medical patients requiring thromboprophylaxis. J Thromb Haemost. 2006 Apr;4(4):915-6. PubMed ID: 16634771
Chou JH, Roumiantsev S, Singh R. PediTools Electronic Growth Chart Calculators: Applications in Clinical Care, Research, and Quality Improvement. J Med Internet Res. 2020 Jan 30;22(1):e16204. PubMed ID: 32012066
Chou R, Shekelle P. Will this patient develop persistent disabling low back pain? JAMA. 2010 Apr 7;303(13):1295-302. doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.344. Review. PubMed ID: 20371789
Christensen SE, Nissen PH, Vestergaard P, Mosekilde L. Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia: a review. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2011 Dec;18(6):359-70. PubMed ID: 21986511
Chua F, Vancheeswaran R, Draper A, et al. Early prognostication of COVID-19 to guide hospitalisation versus outpatient monitoring using a point-of-test risk prediction score. Thorax. 2021 Jul;76(7):696-703. PubMed ID: 33692174
Chughtai M, Gwam CU, Mohamed N, et al. The Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Postoperative Pneumonia. J Clin Med Res. 2017; 9:466. PubMed ID: 28496546
Chung F, Subramanyam R, Liao P, et al. High STOP-Bang score indicates a high probability of obstructive sleep apnoea. Br J Anaesth. 2012 May;108(5):768-75. PubMed ID: 22401881
Chung F, Yang Y, Brown R, Liao P. Alternative scoring models of STOP-Bang questionnaire improve specificity to detect undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med. 2014 Sep 15;10(9):951-8. PubMed ID: 25142767
Chung F, Yegneswaran B, Liao P, et al. STOP questionnaire: a tool to screen patients for obstructive sleep apnea. Anesthesiology. 2008 May;108(5):812-21. PubMed ID: 18431116
Chyjek K, Farag S, Chen KT. Rating Pregnancy Wheel Applications Using the APPLICATIONS Scoring System. Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Jun;125(6):1478-83. PubMed ID: 26000520
Cicchetti DV, Feinstein AR. High agreement but low kappa: II. Resolving the paradoxes. J Clin Epidemiol. 1990;43(6):551-558. PubMed ID: 2189948
Claassen J, Bernardini GL, Kreiter K, et al. Mayer SA. Effect of cisternal and ventricular blood on risk of delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage: the Fisher scale revisited. Stroke. 2001 Sep;32(9):2012-20. PubMed ID: 11546890
Cockcroft DW, Gault MH. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron. 1976;16(1):31-41. PubMed ID: 1244564
Cohen JA. A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educ Psych Meas. 1960; 20:37-46.
Cohen S, Janicki-Deverts D. Who's stressed? Distributions of psychological stress in the United States in probability samples from 1983, 2006, and 2009. J Appl Soc Psychol. 2012; 42:1320.
Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983; 24:385. PubMed ID: 6668417
Cohen S, Williamson GM. Perceived stress in a probability sample in the United States. In: The Social Psychology of Health, Spacapan S, Oskamp S (Eds),. Sage 1988. p.31.
Cole RB, Bishop JM. Variation in alveolar-arterial O2 tension difference at high levels of alveolar O2 tension. J Appl Physiol. 1967 Apr;22(4):685-93. PubMed ID: 6023181
Cole RB, Bishop JM. Variation in alveolar-arterial O2 tension difference at high levels of alveolar O2 tension. J Appl Physiol. 1967 Apr;22(4):685-93. PubMed ID: 6023181
Coleman JJ, Carr BW, Rogers T, et al. The Alvarado score should be used to reduce emergency department length of stay and radiation exposure in select patients with abdominal pain. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2018 Jun;84(6):946-950. PubMed ID: 29521805
Colli A, Gana JC, Yap J, et al. Platelet count, spleen length, and platelet count-to-spleen length ratio for the diagnosis of oesophageal varices in people with chronic liver disease or portal vein thrombosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Apr 26;4. PubMed ID: 28444987
Collins GS, Reitsma JB, Altman DG, Moons KG. Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD): the TRIPOD statement. Ann Intern Med. 2015 Jan 6;162(1):55-63. PubMed ID: 25560714
Compton A. Chronic Kidney Disease: Avoiding the Point of No Return. ADVANCE for NPs & PAs. 2004 Vol. 12 Issue 6, p 75.
Concato J. Probability, uncertainty, and prostate cancer. Ann Intern Med. 2013 Feb 5;158(3):211-2. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-158-3-201302050-00012. PubMed ID: 23381041
Constans J, Boutinet C, Salmi R, et al. Comparison of four clinical prediction scores for the diagnosis of lower limb deep venous thrombosis in outpatients. Amer J Med. 2003:Vol 115, 436-440. PubMed ID: 14563499
Constans J, Nelzy ML, Salmi LR, et al. Clinical prediction of lower limb deep vein thrombosis in symptomatic hospitalized patients. Thromb Haemost. 2001 Oct;86(4):985-90. PubMed ID: 11686356
Constantine A, Costola G, Bianchi P, et al. Enhanced Assessment of Perioperative Mortality Risk in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021 Jul 20;78(3):234-242. PubMed ID: 34266577
Cook NR. Use and misuse of the receiver operating characteristic curve in risk prediction. Circulation. 2007 Feb 20;115(7):928-35. PubMed ID: 17309939
Copeland GP, Jones D, Walters M. POSSUM: a scoring system for surgical audit. Br J Surg. 1991 Mar;78(3):355-60. PubMed ID: 2021856
Cornell JE, Laine C. The science and art of deduction: complex systematic overviews. Ann Intern Med. 2008 May 20;148(10):786-8. PubMed ID: 18490692
Costantino JP, Gail MH, Pee D, et al. Validation studies for models projecting the risk of invasive and total breast cancer incidence. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999; 91:1541. PubMed ID: 10491430
Cowling BJ, Muller MP, Wong IOL, et al. Clinical prognostic rules for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome in low and high resource settings. Arch Int Med. Vol 166, July 2006 p. 1505-1511. PubMed ID: 16864761
Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Br J Psychiatry. 1987 Jun;150:782-6. PubMed ID: 3651732
Crispim PA, Peixoto Mdo R, Jardim PC. Risk factors associated with high blood pressure in two-to five-year-old children. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2014 Jan;102(1):39-46. PubMed ID: 24263779
Cuker A, Gimotty PA, Crowther MA, Warkentin TE. Predictive value of the 4Ts scoring system for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Blood. 2012 Nov 15;120(20):4160-7. PubMed ID: 22990018
Czechowski L, Tannery N. eBook Access via a Library-Developed Full-Text Search Tool: A Five-year Reflection. Against the Grain. Vol. 23: Iss. 6, Article 10, p 41-44.
Cınar T, Hayıroglu Mİ, Cicek V, et al. Is prognostic nutritional index a predictive marker for estimating all-cause in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular risk factors? Heart Lung. 2021 Mar-Apr;50(2):307-312. PubMed ID: 33482433
D'Agostino JA. An evidentiary review regarding the use of chronological and adjusted age in the assessment of preterm infants. J Spec Pediatr Nurs. 2010 Jan;15(1):26-32. PubMed ID: 20074111
D'Agostino RB Sr, Vasan RS, Pencina MJ, et al. General Cardiovascular Risk Profile for Use in Primary Care. The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2008 Jan 22. PubMed ID: 18212285
Dajani AS, Taubert KA, Gerber MA, Shulman ST, Ferrieri P, Freed M, et al. Diagnosis and therapy of Kawasaki disease in children. Circulation. 1993;87:1776-80. PubMed ID: 8491037
Daly R. Where IT really matters: Top 25 Clinical Informaticists have moved beyond implementation issues and are taking information technology to the next level. Mod Healthc. 2012 Nov 5;42(45):26-31. PubMed ID: 23205401
Dart A, Komenda P, Tangri N. Time to Implement the Kidney Failure Risk Equation Into Pediatric Practice. JAMA Pediatr. 2017 Dec 18. PubMed ID: 29255903
Dart RC, Mullins ME, Matoushek T, et al. Management of Acetaminophen Poisoning in the US and Canada: A Consensus Statement. JAMA Netw Open. 2023 Aug 1;6(8):e2327739. PubMed ID: 37552484
Dasgupta A, Dennen DA, Dean R, McLawhon RW. Prediction of free phenytoin levels based on [total phenytoin]/[albumin] ratios. Potential errors with hypoalbuminemia. Am J Clin Pathol. 1991 Feb;95(2):253-6. PubMed ID: 1992618
Davatchi F, Chitsaz S, Jamshidi A-R. New simple way to use the classification tree for the diagnosis of Behcet's disease. APLAR Journal of Rheumatology. 2005; 8:43-44.
DeFilippis AP, Young R, Carrubba CJ, et al. An analysis of calibration and discrimination among multiple cardiovascular risk scores in a modern multiethnic cohort. Ann Intern Med. 2015 Feb 17;162(4):266-75. PubMed ID: 25686167
Dehghani SM, Bahador A, Gholami S, et al. Pediatric liver transplantation in Iran: evaluation of the first 50 cases. Pediatr Transplant. 2007 May;11(3):256-60. PubMed ID: 17430479
Dellit TH, Armas-Loughran B, Bosl GJ, et al. A method for assessing house staff workload as a function of length of stay. JAMA. 2001 Sep 5;286(9):1023-4. PubMed ID: 11559283
Detsky AS, Abrams HB, Forbath N, et al. Cardiac assessment for patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Arch Intern Med. 146:2131, 1986. PubMed ID: 3778043
Detsky AS, Abrams HB, McLaughlin JR, et al. Predicting cardiac complications in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. J Gen Int Med. 1:211, 1986. PubMed ID: 3772593
Detsky ME, Jivraj N, Adhikari NK, et al. Will This Patient Be Difficult to Intubate?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review. JAMA. 2019 Feb 5;321(5):493-503. PubMed ID: 32207774
Dev S, Gonzalez AA, Coffing J, et al. Validating administratively derived frailty scores for use in Veterans Health Administration emergency departments. Acad Emerg Med. 2023 Feb 27. PubMed ID: 36847429
Devine BJ. Gentamicin therapy. Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 1974; 8:650.
Devine BJ. Gentamicin therapy. Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 1974; 8:650.
Di Ciaula A, Wang DQ, Portincasa P. Gallbladder and gastric motility in obese newborns, pre-adolescents and adults. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012 Aug;27(8):1298-305. PubMed ID: 22497555
DiCenso A, Bayley L, Haynes RB. ACP Journal Club Editorial: Accessing preappraised evidence: fine-tuning the 5S model into a 6S model. Ann Intern Med. 2009 Sep 15;151(6). PubMed ID: 19755349
Dickstein K. Diagnosing acute heart failure: the mathematician and the clinician. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009 Oct 13;54(16):1522-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.06.022. PubMed ID: 19815123
Dillard TA, Moores LK, Bilello KL, Phillips YY. The preflight evaluation. A comparison of the hypoxia inhalation test with hypobaric exposure. Chest. 1995 Feb;107(2):352-7. PubMed ID: 7842760
Djulbegovic B. A clinical score identified cancer patients with febrile neutropenia at low risk for complications. ACP J Club. 2001 Mar-Apr; 134:76.
Dodick DW. Diagnosing headache: clinical clues and clinical rules. Adv Stud Med. 2003; 3(2): 87-92.
Doll H, Carney S. Introduction to biostatistics: Part 3. Statistical approaches to uncertainty: P values and confidence intervals unpacked. ACP J Club. 2006 May-Jun;144(3):A8-9. PubMed ID: 16646600
Downs J, Good C. New Cholesterol Guidelines: Has Godot Finally Arrived? Ann Intern Med. 2014 Jan 28. doi: 10.7326/M13-2850. PubMed ID: 24473934
Drossman DA, Funch-Jensen P, Janssens J, et al. Identification of subgroups of functional bowel disorders. Gastroenterol International. 1990;3:15.
Du Bois D, Du Bois EF. A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known. Arch Intern Med. 1916; 17:863-871.
Dubois D, Dubois EF. A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known. Arch Intern Med. 1916; 17:863-871.
Dugani SB, Moorthy MV, Li C, et al. Association of Lipid, Inflammatory, and Metabolic Biomarkers With Age at Onset for Incident Coronary Heart Disease in Women. JAMA Cardiol. 2021 Apr 1;6(4):437-447. PubMed ID: 33471027
Duncan MH, Singh BM, Wise PH, et al. A simple measure of insulin resistance. Lancet. 1995 Jul 8;346(8967):120-1. PubMed ID: 7603193
Dunn AS. ACP Journal Club. The simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index and high-sensitivity troponin T predicted prognosis in PE. Ann Intern Med. 2012; 156:JC4-12. PubMed ID: 22508752
Durie BG, Salmon SE. A clinical staging system for multiple myeloma. Cancer. 1975; 36:842-854. PubMed ID: 1182674
Dziadzko MA, Gajic O, Pickering BW, Herasevich V. Clinical calculators in hospital medicine: Availability, classification, and needs. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2016 Sep;133:1-6. PubMed ID: 27393794
Eagle KA, Gibbons RJ, Antman EM, et al. ACC/AHA guideline update for perioperative cardiovascular evaluation for noncardiac surgery--executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1996 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002 Feb 6;39(3):542-53. PubMed ID: 11823097
Eagle KA, Lim MJ, Dabbous OH, et al. A validated prediction model for all forms of acute coronary syndrome: estimating the risk of 6-month postdischarge death in an international registry. JAMA. 2004 Jun 9;291(22):2727-33. PubMed ID: 15187054
Ebell MH, Jang W, Shen Y, et al. Development and validation of the Good Outcome Following Attempted Resuscitation (GO-FAR) score to predict neurologically intact survival after in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. JAMA Intern Med. 2013; 173:1872. PubMed ID: 24018585
Eckardt VF, Aignherr C, Bernhard G. Predictors of outcome in patients with achalasia treated by pneumatic dilation. Gastroenterology. 1992 Dec;103(6):1732-8. PubMed ID: 1451966
Eddy DM. The origins of evidence-based medicine--a personal perspective. Virtual Mentor. 2011 Jan 1;13(1):55-60. doi:10.1001/virtualmentor.2011.13.1.mhst1-1101. PubMed ID: 23134763
Edge SB, Compton CC. The American Joint Committee on Cancer: the 7th edition of the AJCC cancer staging manual and the future of TNM. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010; 17:1471. PubMed ID: 20180029
Editor comment. Uncertainty in medicine. Lancet. 2010 May 15;375(9727):1666. PubMed ID: 20480939
Edlow JA. Risk stratification in TIA patients: "It's the vascular lesion, stupid!". Neurology. 2012 Sep 4;79(10):958-9. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31825f9e68. Epub 2012 Jun 13. PubMed ID: 22700808
El Edelbi R, Lindemalm S, Eksborg S. Estimation of body surface area in various childhood ages--validation of the Mosteller formula. Acta Paediatr. 2012; 101:540. PubMed ID: 22211780
El Wahsh RA, Agha MA. Clinical probability of pulmonary embolism: Comparison of different scoring systems. Egyptian Soc of Chest Dis and Tb. 2012 61, 419-24.
Elliott C, Newman N, Madan A. Gentamicin effects on urinary electrolyte excretion in healthy subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2000 Jan;67(1):16-21. PubMed ID: 10668849
Emmertsen KJ, Laurberg S. Low anterior resection syndrome score: development and validation of a symptom-based scoring system for bowel dysfunction after low anterior resection for rectal cancer. Ann Surg. 2012 May;255(5):922-8. PubMed ID: 22504191
Emmett M. Case 6: Diabetes and acidosis. In: NephSAP: Nephrology Self-Assessment Program: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disturbances, Sterns RH, Emmett M (Eds), American Society of Nephrology 2013. Vol 12, p.191.
Eng DS, Lee JM. The promise and peril of mobile health applications for diabetes and endocrinology. Pediatr Diabetes. 2013 Jun;14(4):231-8. PubMed ID: 23627878
England JM, Fraser PM. Differentiation of iron deficiency from thalassaemia trait by routine blood-count. Lancet. 1973 Mar 3;1(7801):449-52. PubMed ID: 4120365
England JM, Fraser P. Discrimination between iron-deficiency and heterozygous-thalassaemia syndromes in differential diagnosis of microcytosis. Lancet. 1979 Jan 20;1(8108):145-8. PubMed ID: 84163
Engle WA; American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus and Newborn. Age terminology during the perinatal period. Pediatrics. 2004 Nov;114(5):1362-4. PubMed ID: 15520122
Erstad BL. Dosing of medications in morbidly obese patients in the intensive care unit setting. Intensive Care Med. 2004; 30:18. PubMed ID: 14625670
Erturk Sengel B, Tukenmez Tigen E, Ilgin C, et al. Application of CALL score for prediction of progression risk in patients with COVID-19 at university hospital in Turkey. Int J Clin Pract. 2021 Jul 26:e14642. PubMed ID: 34310000
Ethier JH, Kamel KS, Magner PO, et al. The transtubular potassium concentration in patients with hypokalemia and hyperkalemia. Am J Kidney Dis. 15:309,1990. PubMed ID: 2321642
Evgenia G, Yafa F, Hadas A, et al. Incremental hemodialysis in pediatric patients. J Nephrol. 2023 Jun 21. PubMed ID: 37341967
Ewig S, Kleinfeld, Bauer T, et al. Comparative validation of prognostic rules for community-acquired pneumonia in an elderly population. Eur Respir J. 1998; 14: 370-5. PubMed ID: 10515416
Ewing JA. Detecting alcoholism. The CAGE questionnaire. JAMA. 1984 Oct 12;252(14):1905-7. PubMed ID: 6471323
Fagan TJ. Letter: Nomogram for Bayes theorem. N Engl J Med. 1975 Jul 31;293(5):257. PubMed ID: 1143310
Fagerli KM, Lie E, van der Heijde D, et al. Selecting patients with ankylosing spondylitis for TNF inhibitor therapy: comparison of ASDAS and BASDAI eligibility criteria. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012 Aug;51(8):1479-83. PubMed ID: 22499062
Falaschetti E, Laiho J, Primatesta P, Purdon S. Prediction equations for normal and low lung function from the Health Survey for England. Eur Respir J. 2004 Mar;23(3):456-63. PubMed ID: 15065839
Fang MC, Go AS, Chang Y, et al. A new risk scheme to predict warfarin-associated hemorrhage: The ATRIA (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation) Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011 Jul 19;58(4):395-401. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.03.031. PubMed ID: 21757117
Farajpour Kh M, PishgahRoodsari M, Salehiniya H, Soheilipour F. The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and quality of life in Iranian primary school students in Tehran, Iran. Biomedicine (Taipei). 2018 Mar;8(1):3. PubMed ID: 29480798
Fava GA, Sonino N, Guidi J. Measuring clinical findings: the value of clinimetrics. Postgrad Med J. 2025 Jun 1. PubMed ID: 40450585
Fawcett T. An introduction to ROC analysis. Pattern Recognition Letters. Volume 27, Issue 8, June 2006, p. 861-744.
Feinstein AR. Multi-item "instruments" vs Virginia Apgar's principles of clinimetrics. Arch Intern Med. 1999 Jan 25;159(2):125-8. PubMed ID: 9927093
Feldman JM, Roth JV, Bjoraker DG. Maximum blood savings by acute normovolemic hemodilution. Anesth Analg. 1995 Jan;80(1):108-13. PubMed ID: 7802266
Fenton TR, Sauve RS. Using the LMS method to calculate z-scores for the Fenton preterm infant growth chart. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007 Dec;61(12):1380-5. PubMed ID: 17299469
Ferral H, Patel NH. Selection criteria for patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt procedures: current status. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2005 Apr;16(4):449-55. Review. PubMed ID: 15802443
Fewel NP. Comparison of open-access vancomycin dosing websites. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2016 Oct 18. PubMed ID: 27757973
Fielding RT. Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-based Software Architectures. PhD Dissertation, University of California, Irvine. 2000.
Figge J, Jabor A, Kazda A, Fencl V. Anion gap and hypoalbuminemia. Crit Care Med. 1998 Nov;26(11):1807-10. PubMed ID: 9824071
Figueiredo FA, Ramos LEF, Silva RT, et al. Development and validation of the MMCD score to predict kidney replacement therapy in COVID-19 patients. BMC Med. 2022 Sep 2;20(1):324. PubMed ID: 36056335
Fincke R, Hochman JS, Lowe AM, et al. Cardiac power is the strongest hemodynamic correlate of mortality in cardiogenic shock: a report from the SHOCK trial registry. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004 Jul 21;44(2):340-8. PubMed ID: 15261929
Fine AM, Nizet V, Mandl KD. Large-scale validation of the Centor and McIsaac scores to predict group A streptococcal pharyngitis. Arch Intern Med. 2012 Jun 11;172(11):847-52. PubMed ID: 22566485
Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM, et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 1997; 336:243-250. PubMed ID: 8995086
Fink G; Miller I. Calculating Uncertainty with Internet-Based Decision Instruments. Emergency Medicine News. 2006 April Vol 28:4; p 18-20.
Fink JC, Schmid CH, Selker HP. A decision aid for referring patients with systolic murmurs for echocardiography. J Gen Med. 1994;9: 479-484. PubMed ID: 7996289
Fischer JE, Steiner F, Zucol F, et al. Use of simple heuristics to target macrolide prescription in children with community-acquired pneumonia. Arch Pediatr Med. 2002; 156: 1005-8. PubMed ID: 12361446
Fitzgerald M, Saville BR, Lewis RJ. Decision curve analysis. JAMA. 2015 Jan 27;313(4):409-10. PubMed ID: 25626037
Flegal KM, Cole TJ. Construction of LMS parameters for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 growth charts. Natl Health Stat Report. 2013 Feb 11;(63):1-3. PubMed ID: 24992748
Flinn AN, Bohan PMK, Rauschendorfer C, et al. Inhalation Injury Severity Score on Admission Predicts Overall Survival in Burn Patients. Journal of Burn Care & Research. 2023; June 3.
Flynn JT, Kaelber DC, Baker-Smith CM, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline for Screening and Management of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics. 2017; 140:e20171904. PubMed ID: 28827377
Flynn T, Fritz J, Whitman J, Wainner R, et al. A clinical prediction rule for classifying patients with low back pain who demonstrate short-term improvement with spinal manipulation. Spine. 2002 Dec 15;27(24):2835-43. PubMed ID: 12486357
Fontes D,Muntane A, Valencia CJ, et al. Estudio piloto del grado de concordancia en la lectura de la tomografia computarizada craneal urgente entre un tecnico de radiologia con formacion especifica en neurorradiologia y neurorradiologos. Imagen Diagn. 2010;1(1):2-6.
Forns X, Ampurdanes S, Llovet JM, et al. Identification of chronic hepatitis C patients without hepatic fibrosis by a simple predictive model. Hepatology. 2002; 36: 986-992. PubMed ID: 12297848
Forrest EH, Evans CD, Stewart S, et al. Analysis of factors predictive of mortality in alcoholic hepatitis and derivation and validation of the Glasgow alcoholic hepatitis score. Gut. 2005 Aug;54(8):1174-9. PubMed ID: 16009691
Forrest EH, Morris AJ, Stewart S, et al. The Glasgow alcoholic hepatitis score identifies patients who may benefit from corticosteroids. Gut. 2007 Dec;56(12):1743-6. Epub 2007 Jul 12. PubMed ID: 17627961
Fox KA, Dabbous OH, Goldberg RJ, et al. Prediction of risk of death and myocardial infarction in the six months after presentation with acute coronary syndrome: prospective multinational observational study (GRACE). BMJ. 2006 Nov 25;333(7578):1091. PubMed ID: 17032691
Fox KA, Fitzgerald G, Puymirat E, et al. Should patients with acute coronary disease be stratified for management according to their risk? Derivation, external validation and outcomes using the updated GRACE risk score. BMJ Open. 2014 Feb 21;4(2):e004425. PubMed ID: 24561498
Frankenfield D. Validation of an equation for resting metabolic rate in older obese, critically ill patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2011 Mar;35(2):264-9. PubMed ID: 21378256
Franko OI, Tirrell TF. Smartphone app use among medical providers in ACGME training programs. J Med Syst. 2012 Oct;36(5):3135-9. PubMed ID: 22052129
Frankovich J, Longhurst CA, Sutherland SM. Evidence-based medicine in the EMR era. N Engl J Med. 2011 Nov 10;365(19):1758-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1108726. Epub 2011 Nov 2. PubMed ID: 22047518
Fredriksson T, Pettersson U. Severe psoriasis--oral therapy with a new retinoid . Dermatologica. 1978;157(4):238-44. PubMed ID: 357213
Freifeld AG, Bow EJ, Sepkowitz KA, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical practice guideline for the use of antimicrobial agents in neutropenic patients with cancer: 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2011 Feb 15;52(4):e56-93. PubMed ID: 21258094
Friberg L, Rosenqvist M, Lip GY. Evaluation of risk stratification schemes for ischaemic stroke and bleeding in 182 678 patients with atrial fibrillation: the Swedish Atrial Fibrillation cohort study. Eur Heart J. 2012 Jun;33(12):1500-10. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr488. Epub 2012 Jan 13. PubMed ID: 22246443
Fridericia L. Die systolendauer im Elektrokardiogramm bei normalen menschen und bei herzkranken. Acta Med Scand. 1920; 53:469.
Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 1972, 18;499-502. PubMed ID: 4337382
Frontera JA, Claassen J, Schmidt JM, et al. Prediction of symptomatic vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: the modified fisher scale. Neurosurgery. 2006 Jul;59(1):21-7; discussion 21-7. PubMed ID: 16823296
Fujitani S, George WL, Murthy AR. Comparison of clinical severity score indices for Clostridium difficile infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2011 Mar;32(3):220-8. PubMed ID: 21460506
Fuller SM, He X, Jacobs JP, et al. Estimating Mortality Risk for Adult Congenital Heart Surgery: An Analysis of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database. Ann Thorac Surg. 2015 Nov;100(5):1728-35. PubMed ID: 26411754
Furukawa TA. Diagnostic test for dementias. Evid Based Ment Health. 2014 May;17(2):45-6. PubMed ID: 24778438
Gage BF, Andrade A. ACP Journal Club. Various risk stratification schemes predict ischemic stroke and bleeding in atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med. 2012 Oct 16;157(8):JC4-13. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-157-8-201210160-02013. PubMed ID: 23070515
Gage BF, Waterman AD, Shannon W, et al. Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation. JAMA. 2001 Jun 13;285(22):2864-70. PubMed ID: 11401607
Gail MH, Constantino JP, Bryant J, et al. Weighing the Risks and Benefits of Tamoxifen Treatment for Preventing Breast Cancer. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 1999; 91:1829. PubMed ID: 10547390
Gail MH, Costantino JP, Pee D, et al. Projecting individualized absolute invasive breast cancer risk in African American women. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007; 99:1782. PubMed ID: 18042936
Galer BS, Jensen MP. Development and preliminary validation of a pain measure specific to neuropathic pain: the Neuropathic Pain Scale. Neurology. 1997 Feb;48(2):332-8. PubMed ID: 9040716
Gamage NDU. Data Mining Approach to Predict CVD Risk in the Sri Lankan Context. A dissertation submitted for the Degree of Master of Business Analytics University of Colombo School of Computing. 2021.
Gan SK, Koshy C, Nguyen P, et al. An overview of clinically and healthcare related apps in Google and Apple app stores: connecting patients, drugs, and clinicians. Sci Phone Appl Mob Devices. (2016) 2:8 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41070-016-0012-7.
Gangat N, Caramazza D, Vaidya R, et al. DIPSS plus: a refined Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System for primary myelofibrosis that incorporates prognostic information from karyotype, platelet count, and transfusion status. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Feb 1;29(4):392-7. PubMed ID: 21149668
Garbers S, Chiasson MA. Patterns of agreement on breast cancer screening knowledge and practices among women in Dominican and Mexican families in New York City. Med Sci Monit. 2004 Nov;10(11):CR628-34. PubMed ID: 15507855
Garcia-Ortega A, Oscullo G, Calvillo P, et al. Incidence, risk factors, and thrombotic load of pulmonary embolism in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection. J Infect. 2021 Feb;82(2):261-269. PubMed ID: 33440207
Garg M, de Jesus AA, Chapelle D, et al. Rilonacept maintains long-term inflammatory remission in patients with deficiency of the IL-1 receptor antagonist. JCI Insight. 2017 Aug 17;2(16). PubMed ID: 28814674
Garred LJ, Barichello DL, Canaud BC, McCready WG. Simple equations for protein catabolic rate determination from pre dialysis and post dialysis blood urea nitrogen. ASAIO J. 1995 Oct-Dec;41(4):889-95. PubMed ID: 8589472
Garrett S, Jenkinson T, Kennedy LG, et al. A new approach to defining disease status in ankylosing spondylitis: the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index. J Rheumatol. 1994 Dec;21(12):2286-91. PubMed ID: 7699630
Gauer OH. Kreislauf des blutes. In: Lehrbuch der Physiologie des Menschen, Landois L, Rosemann HU (Eds), Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich 1960. p.95.
Gavin W, Rager J, Russ J, et al. Accuracy of the Simplified HOSPITAL Score in Predicting COVID-19 Readmissions-Exploring Outcomes from a Hospital-at-Home Program. J Healthc Manag. 2021 Nov 23. PubMed ID: 34816806
Gawande AA, Kwaan MR, Regenbogen SE, et al. An Apgar score for surgery. J Am Coll Surg. 2007; 204:201. PubMed ID: 17254923
Gehan EA, George SL. Estimation of human body surface area from height and weight. Cancer Chemother Rep. 1970 Aug;54(4):225-35. PubMed ID: 5527019
Geleijnse ML, Elhendy A, Kasprzak JD, et al. Safety and prognostic value of early dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography in patients with spontaneous chest pain and a non-diagnostic electrocardiogram. Eur Heart J. 2000 Mar;21(5):397-406. PubMed ID: 10666354
Geusens P, Hochberg MC, van der Voort DJ, et al. Performance of risk indices for identifying low bone density in postmenopausal women. Mayo Clin Proc. 2002 Jul;77(7):629-37. PubMed ID: 12108600
Ghanima W, Abdelnoor M, Mowinckel MC, Sandset PM. The performance of STA-Liatest D-dimer assay in out-patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. Br J Haematol. 2006 Jan;132(2):210-5. PubMed ID: 16398655
Ghany MG, Pan CQ, Lok AS, et al. AASLD ISDA Practice Guideline on treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology. 2026; 83:974. PubMed ID: 41186418
Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Poulakou G, de Nooijer A, et al. Development and validation of SCOPE score: A clinical score to predict COVID-19 pneumonia progression to severe respiratory failure. Cell Rep Med. 2022 Feb 25;3(3):100560. PubMed ID: 35474750
Giannini E, Botta F, Borro P, et al. Platelet count/spleen diameter ratio: proposal and validation of a non-invasive parameter to predict the presence of oesophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis. Gut. 2003 Aug;52(8):1200-5. PubMed ID: 12865282
Gianstefani A, Farina G, Salvatore V, et al. Role of ROX index in the first assessment of COVID-19 patients in the emergency department. Intern Emerg Med. 2021 Mar 1:1–7. PubMed ID: 33646507
Gill RQ, Sterling RK. Acute liver failure. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2001; 33:191. PubMed ID: 11500606
Ginsberg JM, Chang BS, Matarese RA, Garella S. Use of single voided urine samples to estimate quantitative proteinuria. N Engl J Med. 1983 Dec 22;309(25):1543-6. PubMed ID: 6656849
Glasziou P, Doll H. Was the study big enough? Two "cafe" rules. ACP J Club. 2007 Nov-Dec;147(3):A8-9. PubMed ID: 17975858
Go AS, Hylek EM, Chang Y, et al. Anticoagulation therapy for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: how well do randomized trials translate into clinical practice? JAMA. 2003 Nov 26;290(20):2685-92. PubMed ID: 14645310
Goff DC Jr, Lloyd-Jones DM, Bennett G, et.al. 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2013 Nov 12. PubMed ID: 24222018
Goldman L, Caldera DL, Nussbaum SR, et al. Multifactorial index of cardiac risk in noncardiac surgical procedures. N. Engl J Med. 297:845, 1977. PubMed ID: 904659
Goldman L, Cook EF, Brand DA, et al. A computer protocol to predict myocardial infarction in emergency room patients with chest pain. N Engl J Med. 1988; 318(13): 797-803. PubMed ID: 3280998
Golombek SG, Young JN. Efficacy of inhaled nitric oxide for hypoxic respiratory failure in term and late preterm infants by baseline severity of illness: a pooled analysis of three clinical trials. Clin Ther. 2010; 32:939. PubMed ID: 20685502
Gonzalez-Pacheco H, Bojalil R, Amezcua-Guerra LM, et al. Derivation and validation of a simple inflammation-based risk score system for predicting in-hospital mortality in acute coronary syndrome patients. J Cardiol. 2019 May;73(5):416-424. PubMed ID: 30600191
Gordon WJ, Polansky JM, Boscardin WJ, et al. Coronary risk assessment by point-based vs. equation-based Framingham models: significant implications for clinical care. J Gen Intern Med. 2010 Nov;25(11):1145-51. Epub 2010 Sep 8. PubMed ID: 20824362
Gould MK, Ananth L, Barnett PG; Veterans Affairs SNAP Cooperative Study Group. A clinical model to estimate the pretest probability of lung cancer in patients with solitary pulmonary nodules. Chest. 2007 Feb;131(2):383-8. PubMed ID: 17296637
Gould MK, Garcia DA, Wren SM, et al. Prevention of VTE in nonorthopedic surgical patients: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practical guidelines. Chest. 2012; 141:e227S. PubMed ID: 22315263
Granger CB, Goldberg RJ, Dabbous O, et al. Predictors of hospital mortality in the global registry of acute coronary events. Arch Intern Med. 2003 Oct 27;163(19):2345-53. PubMed ID: 14581255
Grant EG, Tessler FN, Hoang JK, et al. Thyroid Ultrasound Reporting Lexicon: White Paper of the ACR Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) Committee. J Am Coll Radiol. 2015; 12:1272. PubMed ID: 26419308
Green R, King R. A new red cell discriminant incorporating volume dispersion for differentiating iron deficiency anemia from thalassemia minor. Blood Cells. 1989;15(3):481-91; discussion 492-5. PubMed ID: 2620095
Green TA, Whitt S, Belden JL, et al. Medical calculators: Prevalence, and barriers to use. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2019 Oct;179:105002. PubMed ID: 31443857
Greenberg P, Cox C, LeBeau MM et al. International Scoring System for Evaluating Prognosis in Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Blood. 1997; 89;6: 2079 - 2088. Erratum in Blood 1998; 91:1100. PubMed ID: 9058730
Greenberg PL, Tuechler H, Schanz J, et al. Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) for myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood. 2012; 120:2454. PubMed ID: 22740453
Greving JP, Wermer MJ, Brown RD Jr, et al. Development of the PHASES score for prediction of risk of rupture of intracranial aneurysms: a pooled analysis of six prospective cohort studies. Lancet Neurol. 2014 Jan;13(1):59-66. PubMed ID: 24290159
Griffin SJ, Little PS, Hales CN, et al. Diabetes risk score: towards earlier detection of Type 2 diabetes in general practice. Diabet Metab Res Rev. 2000; 16: 164-71. PubMed ID: 10867715
Grissom CK, Brown SM, Kuttler KG, et al. A modified sequential organ failure assessment score for critical care triage. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2010 Dec;4(4):277-84. PubMed ID: 21149228
Grobman WA, Sandoval G, Rice MM, et al. Prediction of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery in term gestations: a calculator without race and ethnicity. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021; 24:S0002. PubMed ID: 34043983
Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, et al. American Heart Association; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation. 2005 Oct 25;112(17):2735-52. Epub 2005 Sep 12. PubMed ID: 16157765
Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, et al. American Heart Association; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation. 2005 Oct 25;112(17):2735-52. Epub 2005 Sep 12. PubMed ID: 16157765
Gu W, de Ledinghen V, Aube C, et al. Hepatocellular Cancer Surveillance in Patients with Advanced Chronic Liver Disease. NEJM Evid. 2024 Nov;3(11). PubMed ID: 39437136
Gulati M, Levy PD, Mukherjee D, et al. 2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2021; 144:e368. PubMed ID: 34709879
Guo L, Wei D, Zhang X, et al. Clinical Features Predicting Mortality Risk in Patients With Viral Pneumonia: The MuLBSTA Score. Front Microbiol. 2019 Dec 3;10:2752. PubMed ID: 31849894
Gupta H, Gupta PK, Fang X, et al. Development and validation of a risk calculator predicting postoperative respiratory failure. Chest. 2011 Nov;140(5):1207-15. doi: 10.1378/chest.11-0466. Epub 2011 Jul 14. PubMed ID: 21757571
Gupta H, Gupta PK, Schuller D, et al. Development and validation of a risk calculator for predicting postoperative pneumonia. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013; 88:1241. PubMed ID: 24182703
Gupta PK, Gupta H, Sundaram A, et al. Development and validation of a risk calculator for prediction of cardiac risk after surgery. Circulation. 2011 Jul 26;124(4):381-7. PubMed ID: 21730309
Gurney JW, Lyddon DM, McKay JA. Determining the likelihood of malignancy in solitary pulmonary nodules with Bayesian analysis. Part II. Application. Radiology. 1993 Feb;186(2):415-22. PubMed ID: 8421744
Gurney JW. Determining the likelihood of malignancy in solitary pulmonary nodules with Bayesian analysis. Part I. Theory. Radiology. 1993 Feb;186(2):405-13. PubMed ID: 8421743
Guyatt GH, Rennie D. Users' guides to the medical literature. JAMA. 1993 Nov 3;270(17):2096-7. PubMed ID: 8411578
Guyatt GH, Sackett DL, Cook DJ. Users' guides to the medical literature. II. How to use an article about therapy or prevention. A. Are the results of the study valid? Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. JAMA. 1993 Dec 1;270(21):2598-601. PubMed ID: 8230645
Guyatt GH. Evidence-based medicine. ACP J Club. 1991;114:A–16.
HA Elbana, HE Amin, SM Elsayed. Effect of Implementing Selected Nursing Interventions on Experiencing Post-Extubation Stridor in Ventilated Patients. MNJ. 2023; 8:95.
Haffey F, Brady RR, Maxwell S. Smartphone apps to support hospital prescribing and pharmacology education: a review of current provision. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2014 Jan;77(1):31-8. PubMed ID: 23488599
Haimovich AD, Ravindra NG, Stoytchev S, et al. Development and Validation of the Quick COVID-19 Severity Index: A Prognostic Tool for Early Clinical Decompensation. Ann Emerg Med. 2020 Oct;76(4):442-453. PubMed ID: 33012378
Hajifathalian K, Sharaiha RZ, Kumar S, et al. Development and external validation of a prediction risk model for short-term mortality among hospitalized U.S. COVID-19 patients: A proposal for the COVID-AID risk tool. PLoS One. 2020 Sep 30;15(9):e0239536. PubMed ID: 32997700
Hakim RM, Depner TA, Parker TF 3rd. Adequacy of hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 1992 Aug;20(2):107-23. Review. PubMed ID: 1496963
Hakim RM. Assessing the adequacy of dialysis. Kidney Int. 1990 Feb;37(2):822-32. PubMed ID: 2407892
Haley DC. Estimation of the dosage mortality relationship when the dose is subject to error, Technical Report No. 15. Office of Naval Research Contract 1952. No. 25140, NR-342-022.
Hall RT. Indications for surfactant therapy--the aAPO2 coming of age. Pediatrics. 1999 Feb;103(2):E25. PubMed ID: 9925871
Hankey GJ. The ABCD, California, and unified ABCD2 risk scores predicted stroke within 2, 7, and 90 days after TIA. ACP J Club. 2007 May-Jun;146(3):79. PubMed ID: 17474688
Hankinson JL, Odencrantz JR, Fedan KB. Spirometric reference values from a sample of the general U.S. population. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999; 159:179. PubMed ID: 9872837
Hanley JA, McNeil BJ. The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Radiology. 1982 Apr;143(1):29-36. PubMed ID: 7063747
Hanley MJ, Abernethy DR, Greenblatt DJ. Effects of obesity on the pharmacokinetics of drugs in humans. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2010; 49:71. PubMed ID: 20067334
Haricharan RN, Gallimore JP, Nasr A. Primary anastomosis or ostomy in necrotizing enterocolitis? Pediatr Surg Int. 2017 Aug 2. PubMed ID: 28770340
Harris JA, Benedict FG. A biometric study of human basal metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1918; 4:370. PubMed ID: 16576330
Harris JA, Benedict FG. A Biometric Study of Human Basal Metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1918 Dec;4(12):370-3. PubMed ID: 16576330
Hart R. A simple risk score predicted 7-day stroke risk after transient ischemic attack. ACP J Club. 2006 Jan-Feb;144(1):24. PubMed ID: 16388573
Harvey RF, Bradshaw JM. A simple index of Crohn's disease activity. Lancet. 1980 Mar 8;1(8167):514. PubMed ID: 6102236
Hasenclever D, Diehl V. A prognostic score for advanced Hodgkin's disease. International Prognostic Factors Project on Advanced Hodgkin's Disease. N Engl J Med. 1998 Nov 19;339(21):1506-14. PubMed ID: 9819449
Haugen AJ, Grovle L, Keller A, Grotle M. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Norwegian version of the Tampa scale for kinesiophobia. Spine. 2008 Aug 1;33(17):E595-601. PubMed ID: 18670327
Hauptman PJ, Armbrecht ES, Chibnall JT, et al. Errata in medical publications. Am J Med. 2014 Aug;127(8):779-785.e1. PubMed ID: 24662621
Hauser RG, Quine DB, Ryder A, Campbell S. Unit conversions between LOINC codes. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2018 Feb 1;25(2):192-196. PubMed ID: 28637208
Haverkamp HT, Fosse SO, Schuster P. Accuracy and usability of single-lead ECG from smartphones - A clinical study. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2019 Feb 19. pii: S0972-6292(19)30033-6. PubMed ID: 30794928
Haydel MJ, Preston CA, Mills TJ, et al. Indications for computed tomography in patients with minor head injury. N Engl J Med. 2000 Jul 13;343(2):100-5. PubMed ID: 10891517
Haydel MJ, Preston CA, Mills TJ, et al. Indications for computed tomography in patients with minor head injury. N Engl J Med. 2000 Jul 13;343(2):100-5. PubMed ID: 10891517
Hayden JA, Cote P, Bombardier C. Evaluation of the quality of prognosis studies in systematic reviews. Ann Intern Med. 2006 Mar 21;144(6):427-37. PubMed ID: 16549855
Hayden JA, van der Windt DA, Cartwright JL, et al. Assessing bias in studies of prognostic factors. Ann Intern Med. 2013 Feb 19;158(4):280-6. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-158-4-201302190-00009. PubMed ID: 23420236
Haynes B, Haynes GA. ACP Journal Club. What does it take to put an ugly fact through the heart of a beautiful hypothesis? Ann Intern Med. 2009 Mar 17;150(6):JC3-2, JC3-3. PubMed ID: 19306483
Haynes RB, Wilczynski N. Finding the gold in MEDLINE: clinical queries. ACP J Club. 2005 Jan-Feb;142(1):A8-9. PubMed ID: 15656539
Hayward RS, El-Hajj M, Voth TK, Deis K. Patterns of use of decision support tools by clinicians. AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2006:329-33. PubMed ID: 17238357
Health Resources & Services Administration. Health Center Program GeoCare Navigator. https://geocarenavigator.hrsa.gov/ (Accessed on June 28, 2025).
Heaney ML, Golde, DW. Medical Progress: Myelodysplasia. NEJM. 1999; 340;21: 1649-1660. PubMed ID: 10341278
Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Rickert W, Robinson J. Measuring the heaviness of smoking: using self-reported time to the first cigarette of the day and number of cigarettes smoked per day. Br J Addict. 1989 Jul;84(7):791-9. PubMed ID: 2758152
Heffner JE, Brown LK, Barbieri CA. Diagnostic value of tests that discriminate between exudative and transudative pleural effusions. Primary study investigators. Chest. 1997; 111:970. PubMed ID: 9106577
Heffner JE, Brown LK, Barbieri CA. Diagnostic value of tests that discriminate between exudative and transudative pleural effusions. Primary study investigators. Chest. 1997; 111:970. PubMed ID: 9106577
Heffner JE, Highland K, Brown LK. A meta-analysis derivation of continuous likelihood ratios for diagnosing pleural fluid exudates. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003; 167:1591. PubMed ID: 12796053
Helfand M, Redfern CC. Clinical guideline, part 2. Screening for thyroid disease: an update. American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 1998 Jul 15;129(2):144-58. PubMed ID: 9669977
Hemphill JC 3rd, Bonovich DC, Besmertis L, et al. The ICH score: a simple, reliable grading scale for intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2001 Apr;32(4):891-7. PubMed ID: 11283388
Henry CJ. Basal metabolic rate studies in humans: measurement and development of new equations. Public Health Nutr. 2005; 8:1133. PubMed ID: 16277825
Hensor EM, Emery P, Bingham SJ, et al. Discrepancies in categorizing rheumatoid arthritis patients by DAS-28(ESR) and DAS-28(CRP): can they be reduced? Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010 Aug;49(8):1521-9. PubMed ID: 20435650
Herman WH, Smith PJ, Thompson TJ, et al. A new and simple questionnaire to identify people at increased risk for undiagnosed diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1995 Mar;18(3):382-387. PubMed ID: 7555482
Hettiaratchy S, Papini R. Initial management of a major burn: II--assessment and resuscitation. BMJ. 2004 Jul 10;329(7457):101-3. Review. PubMed ID: 15242917
Higgins TL, Teres D, Copes WS, et al. Assessing contemporary intensive care unit outcome: an updated Mortality Probability Admission Model (MPM0-III). Crit Care Med. 2007 Mar;35(3):827-35. PubMed ID: 17255863
Hijiya N, Onciu M, Howard SC, et al. Utility of automated counting to determine absolute neutrophil counts and absolute phagocyte counts for pediatric cancer treatment protocols. Cancer. 2004 Dec 1;101(11):2681-6. PubMed ID: 15517573
Hillel AT, Fakhry C, Pai SI, et al. Selective versus comprehensive neck dissection after chemoradiation for advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009 Dec;141(6):737-42. PubMed ID: 19932847
Hillel AT, Lin LM, Samlan R, et al. Inhaled triamcinolone with proton pump inhibitor for treatment of vocal process granulomas: a series of 67 granulomas. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2010 May;119(5):325-30. PubMed ID: 20524578
Hillier TA, Abbott RD, Barrett EJ. Hyponatremia: evaluating the correction factor for hyperglycemia. Am J Med. 1999 Apr;106(4):399-403. 10225241.
Hirsch C. ACP Journal Club. The Mini-Cog had sensitivity similar to the longer 3MS for detecting cognitive impairment or dementia. Ann Intern Med. 2012 Oct 16;157(8):JC4-8. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-157-8-201210160-02008. PubMed ID: 23070510
Hochberg MC. Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1997 Sep;40(9):1725. PubMed ID: 9324032
Hodges MS, Salerno D, Erlinen D. Bazett's QT correction reviewed: evidence that a linear QT correction for heart rate is better. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1983; 1:694. PubMed ID: 6826970
Hoelzel W, Weykamp C, Jeppsson JO, et al., IFCC Working Group on HbA1c Standardization. IFCC reference system for measurement of hemoglobin A1c in human blood and the national standardization schemes in the United States, Japan, and Sweden: a method-comparison study. Clin Chem. 2004 Jan;50(1):166-74. PubMed ID: 14709644
Hoffman JR, Mower WR, Wolfson AB, et al. Validity of a set of clinical criteria to rule out injury to the cervical spine in patients with blunt trauma. National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study Group. N Engl J Med. 2000 Jul 13;343(2):94-9. Erratum in: N Engl J Med 2001 Feb 8;344(6):464. PubMed ID: 10891516
Holliday MA, Segar WE. The maintenance need for water in parenteral fluid therapy. Pediatrics. 1957; 19:823. PubMed ID: 13431307
Holsinger T, Plassman BL, Stechuchak KM, et al. Screening for cognitive impairment: comparing the performance of four instruments in primary care. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012 Jun;60(6):1027-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.03967.x. Epub 2012 May 30. PubMed ID: 22646750
Hoster E, Dreyling M, Klapper W, et al. A new prognostic index (MIPI) for patients with advanced-stage mantle cell lymphoma. Blood. 2008 Jan 15;111(2):558-65. Epub 2007 Oct 25. Erratum in: Blood. 2008 Jun 15;111(12):5761. PubMed ID: 17962512
Hou W, Sanyal AJ. Ascites: diagnosis and management. Med Clin North Am. 2009 Jul;93(4):801-17, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2009.03.007. Review. PubMed ID: 19577115
Houser M. Assessment of proteinuria using random urine samples. J Pediatr. 1984 Jun;104(6):845-8. PubMed ID: 6726514
Houssarini JA, Brnabic AJM, Obaid M. Comparing Real-World Effectiveness of Dulaglutide and Insulin as the First Injectable for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: An Australian Single-Site Retrospective Chart Review. Diabetes Ther. 2021 Nov 30. PubMed ID: 34850355
Hoyt RE. Clinician Desktop Portal: Educational Tools at the Point of Care. Navy Medicine. 2006 vol. 97(1) p. 24.
Hsieh M, Auble TE, Yealy DM. Validation of the Acute Heart Failure Index. Ann Emerg Med. 2008 Jan;51(1):37-44. Epub 2007 Nov 28. PubMed ID: 18045736
Hsu CY. ACP Journal Club. CKD-EPI eGFR categories were better than MDRD categories for predicting mortality in a range of populations. Ann Intern Med. 2012 Nov 20;157(10):JC5-12. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-157-10-201211200-02012. PubMed ID: 23165688
Hubert S, Thuny F, Resseguier N, et al. Prediction of symptomatic embolism in infective endocarditis: construction and validation of a risk calculator in a multicenter cohort. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013 Oct 8;62(15):1384-92. PubMed ID: 23906859
Hume R, Weyers E. Relationship between total body water and surface area in normal and obese subjects. J Clin Pathol. 1971 Apr;24(3):234-8. PubMed ID: 5573437
Hunder GG. The use and misuse of classification and diagnostic criteria for complex diseases. Ann Intern Med. 1998 Sep 1;129(5):417-8. PubMed ID: 9735071
Hupert N, Bearman GML, Mushlin AI, et al. Accuracy of screening for inhalational Anthrax after a bioterrorist attack. Ann Int Med. 2003; 139:337-345. PubMed ID: 12965942
Hwang J, Park SH, Lee SW, et al. Predictors of mortality in thrombotic thrombocytopenia after adenoviral COVID-19 vaccination: the FAPIC score. Eur Heart J. 2021 Sep 21:ehab592. PubMed ID: 34545400
Høst A, Høst AH, Ibsen T. Peak expiratory flow rate in healthy children aged 6-17 years. Acta Paediatr. 1994; 83:1255. PubMed ID: 7734864
Inamoto Y, Kim DD, Storer BE, et al. Application of CIBMTR risk score to NIH chronic GVHD at individual centers. Blood. 2014 Jan 16;123(3):453-5. PubMed ID: 24435000
Inker LA, Eneanya ND, Coresh J, et al. Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration. New Creatinine- and Cystatin C-Based Equations to Estimate GFR without Race. N Engl J Med. 2021 Sep 23. PubMed ID: 34554658
Inker LA, Levey AS. New GFR-estimating equations for children and young adults in North America and Europe. Kidney Int. 2021 Apr;99(4):808-811. PubMed ID: 33745546
Inker LA, Schmid CH, Tighiouart H, et al. Estimating glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine and cystatin C. N Engl J Med. 2012 Jul 5;367(1):20-9. PubMed ID: 22762315
International Study Group for Behcet's Disease. Criteria for diagnosis of Behcet's disease. Lancet. 1990 May 5;335(8697):1078-80. PubMed ID: 1970380
Iorio A. ACP Journal Club. The Wells rule and a primary care rule were useful for ruling out deep venous thrombosis in primary care. Ann Intern Med. 2011 Jun 21;154(12):JC6-13. doi: 10.1059/0003-4819-154-12-201106210-02013. PubMed ID: 21690591
Ishak K, Baptista A, Bianchi L, rt al. Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis. J Hepatol. 1995; 22:696. PubMed ID: 7560864
Islam S, Antonsson L, Westin J, Lagging M. Cirrhosis in hepatitis C virus-infected patients can be excluded using an index of standard biochemical serum markers. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2005 Jul;40(7):867-72. PubMed ID: 16109665
Ismail L. Advisor Review: Standard Review STAT!Ref. The Charleston Advisor. January 2018.
Jahanian F, Khatir IG, Bani-Mostafavi ES, et al. Diagnostic Accuracy of a Three-point Compression Ultrasonography Performed by Emergency Medicine Resident for the Diagnosis of Deep Vein Thrombosis: a Prospective Diagnostic Study. Acta Inform Med. 2019 Jun;27(2):119-122. PubMed ID: 31452570
Jamal MH, Doi SA, AlYouha S, et al. A biomarker based severity progression indicator for COVID-19: the Kuwait prognosis indicator score. Biomarkers. 2020 Dec;25(8):641-648. PubMed ID: 33090050
Janes H, Pepe MS, Gu W. Assessing the value of risk predictions by using risk stratification tables. Ann Intern Med. 2008 Nov 18;149(10):751-60. PubMed ID: 19017593
Janmahasatian S, Duffull SB, Ash S, et.al. Quantification of lean bodyweight. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2005;44(10):1051-65. PubMed ID: 16176118
Janssens HJ, Fransen J, van de Lisdonk EH, et al. A diagnostic rule for acute gouty arthritis in primary care without joint fluid analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2010; 170:1120. PubMed ID: 20625017
January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014 Mar 28. pii: S0735-1097(14)01740-9. PubMed ID: 24685669
Jara Aguirre JC, Norgan AP, Cook WJ, Karon BS. Error simulation modeling to assess the effects of bias and precision on bilirubin measurements used to screen for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2021 Jan 19:cclm-2020-1640. PubMed ID: 33470956
Jarvik JG, Deyo RA. Diagnostic evaluation of low back pain with emphasis on imaging. Ann Intern Med. 2002; 137: 586-97. PubMed ID: 12353946
Jassam N, Gopaul S, McShane P, et al. Calcium adjustment equations in neonates and children. Ann Clin Biochem. 2012; 49:352. PubMed ID: 22535865
Jelliffe RW. Letter: Creatinine clearance: bedside estimate. Ann Intern Med. 1973 Oct;79(4):604-5. PubMed ID: 4748282
Jenkins CD, Stanton BA, Niemcryk SJ, Rose RM. A scale for the estimation of sleep problems in clinical research. J Clin Epidemiol. 1988;41(4):313-21. PubMed ID: 3351539
Ji D, Zhang D, Xu J, et al. Prediction for Progression Risk in Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia: The CALL Score. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Sep 12;71(6):1393-1399. PubMed ID: 32271369
Jimenez D, Aujesky D, Moores L, et al., RIETE Investigators. Simplification of the pulmonary embolism severity index for prognostication in patients with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism. Arch Intern Med. 2010; 170:1383. PubMed ID: 20696966
Jindal KK, Goldstein MB. Urea kinetic modeling in chronic hemodialysis: Benefits, problems, and practical solutions. Semin Dial. 1988; 1:82.
Johansen K, Daines M, Howey T, et al. Objective criteria accurately predict amputation following lower extremity trauma. J Trauma. 1990 May;30(5):568-72; discussion 572-3. PubMed ID: 2342140
Johansson AC, Samuelsson O, Attman PO, et al. Limitations in anthropometric calculations of total body water in patients on peritoneal dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2001 Mar;12(3):568-73. PubMed ID: 11181805
Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep. 1991;14:540-5. PubMed ID: 1798888
Johnson PJ, Berhane S, Kagebayashi C, et al. Assessment of Liver Function in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A New Evidence-Based Approach-The ALBI Grade. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Feb 20;33(6):550-8. PubMed ID: 25512453
Johnson PJ, MacFarland IG. Meeting report: International autoimmune hepatitis group. Hepatology. 1993;18:998-1005. PubMed ID: 8406375
Johnston SC, Gress DR, Browner WS, Sidney S. Short-term prognosis after emergency department diagnosis of TIA. JAMA. 2000; 284: 2901-6. PubMed ID: 11147987
Johnston SC, Rothwell PM, Nguyen-Huynh MN, et al. Validation and refinement of scores to predict very early stroke risk after transient ischaemic attack. Lancet. 2007 Jan 27;369(9558):283-92. PubMed ID: 17258668
Jones PW, Harding G, Berry P, et al. Development and first validation of the COPD Assessment Test. Eur Respir J. 2009 Sep;34(3):648-54. PubMed ID: 19720809
Jordan RE, Keene SJ, Franssen FME, et al. Prognostic score for predicting respiratory admissions among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary care: development and validation in population cohorts (Birmingham Lung Improvement Studies (BLISS)). BMJ. 2026 Mar 5;392:e084521. PubMed ID: 41786356
Kahn SR, Joseph L, Abenhaim L, Leclerc JR. Clinical prediction of deep vein thrombosis in patients with leg symptoms. Thromb Haemost. 1999 Mar;81(3):353-7. PubMed ID: 10102459
Kahn SR, Partsch H, Vedantham S, et al.; Subcommittee on Control of Anticoagulation of the Scientific and Standardization Committee of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Definition of post-thrombotic syndrome of the leg for use in clinical investigations: a recommendation for standardization. J Thromb Haemost. 2009; 7:879. PubMed ID: 19175497
Kamath PS, Kim WR, Advanced Liver Disease Study Group. The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD). Hepatology. 2007; 45:797. PubMed ID: 17326206
Kanber GJ, King FW, Eshchar YR, et al. The alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient in young and elderly men during air and oxygen breathing. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1968 Mar;97(3):376-81. PubMed ID: 5638492
Kantarjian H, O'Brien S, Ravandi F, et al. Proposal for a new risk model in myelodysplastic syndrome that accounts for events not considered in the original International Prognostic Scoring System. Cancer. 2008 Sep 15;113(6):1351-61. PubMed ID: 18618511
Kaplan AA, Kohn OF. Fractional excretion of urea as a guide to renal dysfunction. Am J Nephrol. 1992;12(1-2):49-54. PubMed ID: 1415365
Karaaslan T, Karaaslan E. Predictive Value of Systemic Immune-inflammation Index in Determining Mortality in COVID-19 Patients. J Crit Care Med (Targu Mures). 2022 Aug 12;8(3):156-164. PubMed ID: 36062039
Karloh M, Fleig Mayer A, Maurici R, et al. The COPD Assessment Test: What Do We Know So Far?: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis About Clinical Outcomes Prediction and Classification of Patients Into GOLD Stages. Chest. 2016 Feb;149(2):413-425. PubMed ID: 26513112
Kattah JC, Talkad AV, Wang DZ, et al. HINTS to diagnose stroke in the acute vestibular syndrome: three-step bedside oculomotor examination more sensitive than early MRI diffusion-weighted imaging. Stroke. 2009 Nov;40(11):3504-10. PubMed ID: 19762709
Katz A, Nambi SS, Mather K, Baron AD, et.al. Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index: a simple, accurate method for assessing insulin sensitivity in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Jul;85(7):2402-10. PubMed ID: 10902785
Katz MA. Hyperglycemia-induced hyponatremia--calculation of expected serum sodium depression. N Engl J Med. 1973 Oct 18;289(16):843-4. PubMed ID: 4763428
Katz MH. Multivariable analysis: a primer for readers of medical research. Ann Intern Med. 2003 Apr 15;138(8):644-50. PubMed ID: 12693887
Kaul V, Friedenberg FK, Braitman LE, et al. Development and validation of a model to diagnose cirrhosis in patients with hepatitis C. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002; 97: 2623-8. PubMed ID: 12385450
Kavousi M, Leening MJ, Nanchen D, et al. Comparison of Application of the ACC/AHA Guidelines, Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines, and European Society of Cardiology Guidelines for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in a European Cohort. JAMA. 2014 Mar 29. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.2632. PubMed ID: 24681960
Kelder JC, Cramer MJ, van Wijngaarden J, et al. The diagnostic value of physical examination and additional testing in primary care patients with suspected heart failure. Circulation. 2011 Dec 20;124(25):2865-73. PubMed ID: 22104551
Kemper AR, Newman TB, Slaughter JL, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline Revision: Management of Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn Infant 35 or More Weeks of Gestation. Pediatrics. 2022; 150. PubMed ID: 35927462
Kent DM, Paulus JK, van Klaveren D, et al. The Predictive Approaches to Treatment effect Heterogeneity (PATH) Statement. Ann Intern Med. 2019; Nov 12. PubMed ID: 31711134
Kent DM, Ruthazer R, Weimar C, et al. An index to identify stroke-related vs incidental patent foramen ovale in cryptogenic stroke. Neurology. 2013; 81:619. PubMed ID: 23864310
Kent DM, Shah ND. Risk models and patient-centered evidence: should physicians expect one right answer? JAMA. 2012 Apr 18;307(15):1585-6. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.469. PubMed ID: 22511683
Kent DM, van Klaveren D, Paulus JK, et al. The Predictive Approaches to Treatment effect Heterogeneity (PATH) Statement: Explanation and Elaboration. Ann Intern Med. 2019; Nov 12. PubMed ID: 31711094
Kertz SJ, MacLaren KJ, Stevens KT et al. A Review of Free iPhone Applications Designed to Target Anxiety and Worry. J. technol. behav. sci. Online 11 January 2017 DOI: 10.1007/s41347-016-0006-y.
Keshaviah PR, Nolph KD, Moore HL, et al. Lean body mass estimation by creatinine kinetics. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1994 Jan;4(7):1475-85. PubMed ID: 8161729
Khajuria A, Krahn J. Osmolality revisited--deriving and validating the best formula for calculated osmolality. Clin Biochem. 2005 Jun;38(6):514-9. PubMed ID: 15885229
Khan SS, Coresh J, Pencina MJ, et al. Novel Prediction Equations for Absolute Risk Assessment of Total Cardiovascular Disease Incorporating Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023; 148:1982. PubMed ID: 37947094
Khan SS, Matsushita K, Sang Y, et al. Development and Validation of the American Heart Association Predicting Risk of Cardiovascular Disease EVENTs (PREVENT) Equations. Circulation. 2024; 149:430. PubMed ID: 37947085
Kharbanda M, Majumdar A, Basu S, Todi S. Assessment of accuracy of Cockcroft-Gault and MDRD formulae in critically ill Indian patients. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2013 Mar;17(2):71-5. PubMed ID: 23983410
Khemani RG, Smith LS, Zimmerman JJ, Erickson S. Pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: definition, incidence, and epidemiology: proceedings from the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2015;16:S23. PubMed ID: 26035358
Khine HH, Corddry DH, Kettrick RG, et al. Comparison of cuffed and uncuffed endotracheal tubes in young children during general anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 1997 Mar;86(3):627-31; discussion 27A. PubMed ID: 9066329
Khorana AA, Kuderer NM, Culakova E, et al. Development and validation of a predictive model for chemotherapy-associated thrombosis. Blood. 2008; 111:4902. PubMed ID: 18216292
Khosla T, Lowe CR. Indices of obesity derived from body weight and height. Br J Prev Soc Med. 1967; 21: 122-128. PubMed ID: 6033482
Kiang TK, Ensom MH. A Comprehensive Review on the Predictive Performance of the Sheiner-Tozer and Derivative Equations for the Correction of Phenytoin Concentrations. Ann Pharmacother. 2016 Apr;50(4):311-25. PubMed ID: 26825643
Kim GH, Han JS, Kim YS, et.al. Evaluation of urine acidification by urine anion gap and urine osmolal gap in chronic metabolic acidosis. Am J Kidney Dis. 1996 Jan;27(1):42-7. PubMed ID: 8546137
Kim SW, Yoon JS, Park J, et al. Empirical Treatment With Carbapenem vs Third-generation Cephalosporin for Treatment of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021; 19:976. PubMed ID: 32623007
Kim WR, Mannalithara A, Heimbach JK, et al. MELD 3.0: The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Updated for the Modern Era. Gastroenterology. 2021; 161:1887. PubMed ID: 34481845
King AJ, Cooper GF, Hochheiser H, et al. Using Machine Learning to Predict the Information Seeking Behavior of Clinicians Using an Electronic Medical Record System. AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2018 Dec 5;2018:673-682. PubMed ID: 30815109
King BR, Baker MD, Braitman LE, et al. Endotracheal tube selection in children: a comparison of four methods. Ann Emerg Med. 1993 Mar;22(3):530-4. PubMed ID: 8442540
King TE, Tooze JA, Schwarz M, et al. Predicting survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Resp Crit Care Med. 2001; 164: 1171-81. PubMed ID: 11673205
Klastersky J, Paesmans M, Rubenstein EB, et.al. The Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer risk index: A multinational scoring system for identifying low-risk febrile neutropenic cancer patients. J Clin Oncol. 2000 Aug;18(16):3038-51. PubMed ID: 10944139
Kleinman ME, de Caen AR, Chameides L, et.al. Pediatric basic and advanced life support: 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Pediatrics. 2010 Nov;126(5):e1261-318. PubMed ID: 20956433
Kline JA, Mitchell AM, Kabrhel C, Richman PB, Courtney DM. Clinical criteria to prevent unnecessary diagnostic testing in emergency department patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. J Thromb Haemost. 2004 Aug;2(8):1247-55. PubMed ID: 15304025
Klok, FA, Hösel V, Clemens A, et al. Prediction of bleeding events in patients with venous thromboembolism on stable anticoagulation treatment. Eur Respir J. 2016; 48:1369. PubMed ID: 27471209
Knack SKS, Scott N, Driver BE, et al. Early Physician Gestalt Versus Usual Screening Tools for the Prediction of Sepsis in Critically Ill Emergency Patients. Ann Emerg Med. 2024 Mar 25:S0196-0644(24)00099-4. PubMed ID: 38530675
Knaus WA, et al. APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med. 1985 Oct;13(10):818-29. PubMed ID: 3928249
Knight SR, Ho A, Pius R, et al. Risk stratification of patients admitted to hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: development and validation of the 4C Mortality Score. BMJ. 2020 Sep 9;370:m3339. PubMed ID: 32907855
Knopp JL, Holder-Pearson L, Chase JG. Insulin Units and Conversion Factors: A Story of Truth, Boots, and Faster Half-Truths. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2019 May;13(3):597-600. PubMed ID: 30318910
Knudson RJ, Lebowitz MD, Holberg CJ, Burrows B. Changes in the normal maximal expiratory flow-volume curve with growth and aging. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1983; 127:725. PubMed ID: 6859656
Kobayashi T, Inoue Y, Takeuchi K, et al. Prediction of intravenous immunoglobulin unresponsiveness in patients with Kawasaki disease. Circulation. 2006 Jun 6;113(22):2606-12. Epub 2006 May 30. PubMed ID: 16735679
Kocher MS, Mandiga R, Zurakowski D, et al. Validation of a clinical prediction rule for the differentiation between septic arthritis and transient synovitis of the hip in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004 Aug;86-A(8):1629-35. PubMed ID: 15292409
Koldeweij C, Clarke J, Nijman J, et al. CE Accreditation and Barriers to CE Marking of Pediatric Drug Calculators for Mobile Devices: Scoping Review and Qualitative Analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2021 Dec 13;23(12):e31333. PubMed ID: 34898456
Kongpolprom N. Accuracy of predictive equations for resting energy expenditure estimation in mechanically ventilated Thai patients. Asian Biomed (Res Rev News). 2023 Aug 7;17(1):30-38. PubMed ID: 37551199
Koplan BA, Stevenson WG, Epstein LM, et al. Development and validation of a simple risk score to predict the need for permanent pacing after cardiac valve surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003; 41: 795-801. PubMed ID: 12628725
Korula J. In adults with metabolic dysfunction, the MAF-5 score predicted risk for liver fibrosis (AUC range, 0.73 to 0.81). Ann Intern Med. 2024 Oct 1. PubMed ID: 39348699
Korula J. Platelet count/spleen diameter ratio predicted the presence of esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis. ACP J Club. 2004 Mar-Apr;140(2):53. PubMed ID: 15122873
Kothari V, Stevens RJ, Adler AI, et al. Risk of stroke in Type 2 diabetes estimated by the UK prospective diabetes study risk engine. Stroke. 2002; 33: 1776-81. PubMed ID: 12105351
Kovacic V, Roguljic L, Jukic I, Kovacic V. Comparison of Methods for Hemodialysis Dose Calculation. Dialysis & Transplantation. Vol 32:4 April 2003, p.170-175.
Kowdley KV, Irani S. ACP Journal Club. The Glasgow-Blatchford Bleeding Score identified patients with upper GI bleeding who could be managed as outpatients. Ann Intern Med. 2009 May 19;150(10):JC5-14. PubMed ID: 19451570
Kramer A, Zygun D, Hawes H, et al. Pulse pressure variation predicts fluid responsiveness following coronary artery bypass surgery. Chest. 2004 Nov;126(5):1563-8. PubMed ID: 15539728
Krijnen P, van Jaarsveld BC, Steyerberg EW. A Clinical Prediction Rule for Renal Artery Stenosis. Ann Int Med. 129:705-711, 1998. PubMed ID: 9841602
Krishnan V, Huang X, Perak AM, et al. PREVENT Risk Age Equations and Population Distribution in US Adults. JAMA Cardiol. 2025 Sep 1;10(9):962-964. PubMed ID: 40737004
Krishnan V, Huang X, Zhang S, et al. Age and Sex-Specific Percentiles of 30-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Based on the PREVENT Equations. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2025 Nov 25;86(21):2017-2027. PubMed ID: 41260756
Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The patient health questionnaire-2: validity of a two-item depression screener. Med Care. 2003; 41: 1284-92. PubMed ID: 14583691
Kuijer PM, Hutten BA, Prins MH, Buller HR. Prediction of the risk of bleeding during anticoagulant treatment for venous thromboembolism. Arch Intern Med. 1999; 159: 457-60. PubMed ID: 10074953
Kuppermann N, Holmes JF, Dayan PS, et al. Identification of children at very low risk of clinically-important brain injuries after head trauma: a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2009 Oct 3;374(9696):1160-70. PubMed ID: 19758692
Kurt E, Bahadirli S. The Usefulness of Shock Index and Modified Shock Index in Predicting the Outcome of COVID-19 Patients. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2021 Jun 8:1-6. PubMed ID: 34099089
Kuzniewicz MW, Escobar GJ, Forquer H, et al. Update to the Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis Calculator Utilizing a Contemporary Cohort. Pediatrics. 2024 Oct 1;154(4):e2023065267. PubMed ID: 39314183
Kuzniewicz MW, Walsh EM, Li S, et al. Development and Implementation of an Early-Onset Sepsis Calculator to Guide Antibiotic Management in Late Preterm and Term Neonates. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2016 May;42(5):232-9. PubMed ID: 27066927
Labra C, Collen J, Cho K, Mikita J. An uncommon cause of chest pain in the deployed soldier. Mil Med. 2011 Apr;176(4):414-9. PubMed ID: 21539164
Lacasse Y, Selman M, Costabel U, et al., HP Study Group. Clinical diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 Oct 15;168(8):952-8. Epub 2003 Jul 3. PubMed ID: 12842854
Lader EW. Acronym mania. Lancet. 2002 Aug 17;360(9332):576. PubMed ID: 12241699
Lake F. A clinical prediction rule containing 6 variables accurately predicted hypersensitivity pneumonitis. ACP J Club. 2004 May-Jun;140(3):81. PubMed ID: 15122844
Lane DJ, Wunsch H, Saskin R, et al. Assessing Severity of Illness in Patients Transported to Hospital by Paramedics: External Validation of 3 Prognostic Scores. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2020 Mar-Apr;24(2):273-281. PubMed ID: 31210571
Lane DJ, Wunsch H, Saskin R, et al. Screening strategies to identify sepsis in the prehospital setting: a validation study. CMAJ. 2020 Mar 9;192(10):E230-E239. PubMed ID: 32152051
Lang E. A clinical risk score identified high-risk patients with chest pain but no ST-segment deviation and normal troponin levels. ACP J Club. 2007 Jul-Aug;147(1):25. PubMed ID: 17608390
Langley RG, Ellis CN. Evaluating psoriasis with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, Psoriasis Global Assessment, and Lattice System Physician's Global Assessment. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004 Oct;51(4):563-9. PubMed ID: 15389191
Lankeit M, Jimenez D, Kostrubiec M, et al. Predictive value of the high-sensitivity troponin T assay and the simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index in hemodynamically stable patients with acute pulmonary embolism: a prospective validation study. Circulation. 2011, 13;124:2716. PubMed ID: 22082681
Larach MG, Localio AR, Allen GC, et al. A clinical grading scale to predict malignant hyperthermia susceptibility. Anesthesiology. 1994 Apr;80(4):771-9. PubMed ID: 8024130
Laupacis A, Sekar N, Stiell IG. Clinical prediction rules. A review and suggested modifications of methodological standards. JAMA. 1997 Feb 12;277(6):488-94. Review. PubMed ID: 9020274
Laursen SB, Oakland K, Laine L, et al. ABC score: a new risk score that accurately predicts mortality in acute upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding: an international multicentre study. Gut. 2021 Apr;70(4):707-716. PubMed ID: 32723845
Lazic B, Karadzic B. Sistemi Skorovanja. Naucni Casopis Urgentine Medicine. 2010; 16(2): 66-77.
Le Gal G, Righini M, Roy PM, et al. Prediction of pulmonary embolism in the emergency department: the revised Geneva score. Ann Intern Med. 2006 Feb 7;144(3):165-71. PubMed ID: 16461960
Le Gall JR, Lemeshow S, Saulnier F. A new Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) based on a European/North American multicenter study. JAMA. 1993 Dec 22-29;270(24):2957-63. PubMed ID: 8254858
Le Huu Thien B,Huynh Quang D. Equation des gaz alveolaires et difference alveolo-arterielle en oxygene. J Fran Viet Pneu. 2014; 05(14): 4-10.
Lee DW, Santomasso BD, Locke FL, et al. ASTCT Consensus Grading for Cytokine Release Syndrome and Neurologic Toxicity Associated with Immune Effector Cells. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2019 Apr;25(4):625-638. PubMed ID: 30592986
Lee KK, Hlatky MA. ACP Journal Club. Reynolds Risk Score for men predicted cardiovascular events more accurately than traditional risk factors only. Ann Intern Med. 2009 Mar 17;150(6):JC3-14. PubMed ID: 19306496
Lee SW, Song JH, Kim GA, et al. Assessment of total body water from anthropometry-based equations using bioelectrical impedance as reference in Korean adult control and haemodialysis subjects. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2001 Jan;16(1):91-7. PubMed ID: 11208999
Lee TH, Marcantonio ER, Mangione CM, et al. Derivation and prospective validation of a simple index for prediction of cardiac risk of major noncardiac surgery. Circulation. 1999; 100: 1043-9. PubMed ID: 10477528
Leeflang MM, Deeks JJ, Gatsonis C, Bossuyt PM; Cochrane Diagnostic Test Accuracy Working Group. Systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy. Ann Intern Med. 2008 Dec 16;149(12):889-97. PubMed ID: 19075208
Leening MJ, Cook NR. Net reclassification improvement: a link between statistics and clinical practice. Eur J Epidemiol. 2013 Jan;28(1):21-3. doi: 10.1007/s10654-012-9759-6. Epub 2013 Jan 5. PubMed ID: 23291877
Leening MJ, Vedder MM, Witteman JC, et al. Net reclassification improvement: computation, interpretation, and controversies: a literature review and clinician's guide. Ann Intern Med. 2014 Jan 21;160(2):122-31. PubMed ID: 24592497
Leff LE, Koperwas ML. Calculated Medicine: Seven Decades of Accelerating Growth. Am J Med. 2024; 137:582-588. PubMed ID: 38556036
LeGuen M, Ballueer Y, McKay R, et al. Frequency and significance of qSOFA criteria during adult rapid response team reviews: A prospective cohort study. Resuscitation. 2018 Jan;122:13-18. PubMed ID: 29133019
Lepeytre F, Ghannoum M, Ammann H, et al. Formulas for Calculated Osmolarity and Osmolal Gap: A Study of Diagnostic Accuracy. Am J Kidney Dis. 2017 Sep;70(3):347-356. PubMed ID: 28578820
Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB, et al. A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Ann Int Med. 1999 Mar 16;130(6):461-70. PubMed ID: 10075613
Levey AS, Coresh J, Greene T, et al., Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration. Expressing the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate with standardized serum creatinine values. Clin Chem. 2007 Apr;53(4):766-72. PubMed ID: 17332152
Levey AS, Coresh J, Greene T, et al., Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration. Expressing the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate with standardized serum creatinine values. Clin Chem. 2007 Apr;53(4):766-72. PubMed ID: 17332152
Levey AS, Greene T, Kusek JW, et al. A simplified equation to predict glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine. J Am Soc Nephrol. 11:A0828, 2000 (abstr).
Levey AS, Inker LA. Assessment of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Health and Disease: A State of the Art Review. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Sep;102(3):405-419. PubMed ID: 28474735
Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH, et al. for the CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration). A New Equation to Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate. Ann Intern Med. 2009 May 5;150(9):604-612. PubMed ID: 19414839
Levey AS, Titan SM, Powe NR, at al. Kidney Disease, Race, and GFR Estimation. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020 Aug 7;15(8):1203-1212. PubMed ID: 32393465
Levey AS, Titan SM, Powe NR, et al. Kidney Disease, Race, and GFR Estimation. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020 Aug 7;15(8):1203-1212. PubMed ID: 32393465
Levi M, Toh CH, Thachil J, Watson HG. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Br J Haematol. 2009 Apr;145(1):24-33. Epub 2009 Feb 12. PubMed ID: 19222477
Lewis J, Agodoa L, Cheek D, et al. African-American Study of Hypertension and Kidney Disease. Comparison of cross-sectional renal function measurements in African Americans with hypertensive nephrosclerosis and of primary formulas to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001 Oct;38(4):744-53. Erratum in: Am J Kidney Dis 2002 Feb;39(2):444. PubMed ID: 11576877
Li D, German D, Lulla S, Thomas RG, Wilson SR. Prospective study of hospitalization for asthma. A preliminary risk factor model. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Mar;151(3 Pt 1):647-55. PubMed ID: 7881651
Liamis G, Filippatos TD, Liontos A, Elisaf MS. Serum osmolal gap in clinical practice: usefulness and limitations. Postgrad Med. 2017 May;129(4):456-459. PubMed ID: 28306366
Liang W, Liang H, Ou L, et al. Development and Validation of a Clinical Risk Score to Predict the Occurrence of Critical Illness in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19. JAMA Intern Med. 2020 May 12. PubMed ID: 32396163
Light RW, Macgregor MI, Luchsinger PC, Ball WB Jr. Pleural effusions: the diagnostic separation of transudates and exudates. Ann Intern Med. 1972; 77:507. PubMed ID: 4642731
Lilienthal JL, Riley RL, et al. An experimental analysis in man of the oxygen pressure gradient from alveolar air to arterial blood during rest and exercise at sea level and at altitude. Am J Physiol. 1946 Sep;147:199-216. PubMed ID: 21000737
Lim HS, Gustafsson F. Pulmonary artery pulsatility index: physiological basis and clinical application. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020 Jan;22(1):32-38. PubMed ID: 31782244
Lim WS, Macfarlane JT, Boswell TC, et al. Study of community acquired pneumonia aetiology (SCAPA) in adults admitted to hospital: implications for management guidelines. Thorax. 2001 Apr;56(4):296-301. PubMed ID: 11254821
Lim WS, van der Eerden MM, Laing R, et al. Defining community acquired pneumonia severity on presentation to hospital: an international derivation and validation study. Thorax. 2003 May;58(5):377-82. PubMed ID: 12728155
Lin ZH, Xin YN, Dong QJ, et al. Performance of the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index for the staging of hepatitis C-related fibrosis: an updated meta-analysis. Hepatology. 2011 Mar;53(3):726-36. PubMed ID: 21319189
Lip GY, Halperin JL. Improving stroke risk stratification in atrial fibrillation. Am J Med. 2010 Jun;123(6):484-8. Review. PubMed ID: 20569748
Lip GY. Implications of the CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc and HAS-BLED Scores for thromboprophylaxis in atrial fibrillation. Am J Med. 2011 Feb;124(2):111-4. PubMed ID: 20887966
Lipton RB, Dodick D, Sadovsky R, Kolodner K, et al. A self-administered screener for migraine in primary care: The ID Migraine validation study. Neurology. 2003; 61: 375-82. PubMed ID: 12913201
Little RR, Sacks DB. HbA1c: how do we measure it and what does it mean? Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2009 Apr;16(2):113-8. Review. PubMed ID: 19300091
Litwin MS, McNaughton-Collins M, Fowler FJ Jr, et al. The National Institutes of Health chronic prostatitis symptom index: development and validation of a new outcome measure. J Urol. 1999 Aug;162(2):369-75. PubMed ID: 10411041
Liu H, Chen J, Yang Q, et al. Development and validation of a risk score using complete blood count to predict in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. Med (N Y). 2021 Apr 9;2(4):435-447.e4. PubMed ID: 33521746
Liu X, Liu C, Chen X, et al. Comparison between Caprini and Padua risk assessment models for hospitalized medical patients at risk for venous thromboembolism: a retrospective study. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2016 Oct;23(4):538-43. PubMed ID: 27297558
Liu YC, Liu JH, Fang ZA, et al. Modified shock index and mortality rate of emergency patients. World J Emerg Med. 2012;3(2):114-7. PubMed ID: 25215048
Lo GK, Juhl D, Warkentin TE, et al. Evaluation of pretest clinical score (4 T's) for the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in two clinical settings. J Thromb Haemost. 2006 Apr;4(4):759-65. PubMed ID: 16634744
Loaeza-del-Castillo A, Paz-Pineda F, Oviedo-Cardenas E, et.al. AST to platelet ratio index (APRI) for the noninvasive evaluation of liver fibrosis. Ann Hepatol. 2008 Oct-Dec;7(4):350-7. PubMed ID: 19034235
Localio AR, Goodman S. Beyond the usual prediction accuracy metrics: reporting results for clinical decision making. Ann Intern Med. 2012 Aug 21;157(4):294-5. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-157-4-201208210-00014. PubMed ID: 22910942
Locke KA, Detsky AS. A simple index predicted cardiac complications in elective noncardiac surgery. ACP J Club. 2000 Mar-Apr; 132:76.
Lok AS, Ghany MG, Goodman ZD, et al. Predicting cirrhosis in patients with hepatitis C based on standard laboratory tests: results of the HALT-C cohort. Hepatology. 2005 Aug;42(2):282-92. PubMed ID: 15986415
Loke YK, Kwok CS, Niruban A, Myint PK. Value of severity scales in predicting mortality from community-acquired pneumonia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax. 2010 Oct;65(10):884-90. doi: 10.1136/thx.2009.134072. Epub 2010 Aug 20. Review. PubMed ID: 20729235
Lottridge D, Chignell M, Straus S. Social impacts of handheld computer information retrieval during physician-patient communication. University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Louvet A, Naveau S, Abdelnour M, Ramond MJ, et al. The Lille model: a new tool for therapeutic strategy in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis treated with steroids. Hepatology. 2007 Jun;45(6):1348-54. PubMed ID: 17518367
Love N, Shimada YJ. Japanese Medical Mnemonics-Language, Reflection, and Art. JAMA. 2021 Oct 5;326(13):1238-1240. PubMed ID: 34609474
Loy JS, Ali EE, Yap KY. Quality Assessment of Medical Apps that Target Medication-Related Problems. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2016 Oct;22(10):1124-40. PubMed ID: 27668561
Lu YC, Xiao Y, Sears A, Jacko JA. A review and a framework of handheld computer adoption in healthcare. Int J Med Inform. 2005 Jun;74(5):409-22. PubMed ID: 15893264
Luxton DD, McCann RA, Bush NE, et al. mHealth for Mental Health: Integrating Smartphone Technology in Behavioral Healthcare. Prof Psych: Res and Prac. 2011, Vol. 42, No. 6, 505-12.
Lydick E, Cook K, Turpin J, et al. Development and validation of a simple questionnaire to facilitate identification of women likely to have low bone density. Am J Manag Care. 1998 Jan;4(1):37-48. PubMed ID: 10179905
Macintyre N, Crapo RO, Viegi G, et al. Standardisation of the single-breath determination of carbon monoxide uptake in the lung. Eur Respir J. 2005 Oct;26(4):720-35. PubMed ID: 16204605
Maddrey WC, Boitnott JK, Bedine MS, et.al. Corticosteroid therapy of alcoholic hepatitis. Gastroenterology. 1978 Aug;75(2):193-9. PubMed ID: 352788
Magnuson A, Sedrak MS, Gross CP, et al. Development and Validation of a Risk Tool for Predicting Severe Toxicity in Older Adults Receiving Chemotherapy for Early-Stage Breast Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2021; 39:608. PubMed ID: 33444080
Maharaj R. Adding cost to NNT: the COPE statistic. ACP J Club. 2008 Jan-Feb;148(1):A8. PubMed ID: 18170986
Mahler DA, Wells CK. Evaluation of clinical methods for rating dyspnea. Chest. 1988 Mar;93(3):580-6. PubMed ID: 3342669
Mahutte CK, Jaffe MB, Chen PA, et al. Oxygen Fick and modified carbon dioxide Fick cardiac outputs. Crit Care Med. 1994; 22:86. PubMed ID: 8124981
Malik M. Problems of heart rate correction in assessment of drug-induced QT interval prolongation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2001 Apr;12(4):411-20. PubMed ID: 11332559
Malinchoc M, Kamath PS, Gordon FD, et al. A model to predict poor survival in patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts. Hepatology. 2000;31:864-871. PubMed ID: 10733541
Maltoni M, Nanni O, Pirovano M, et al. Successful validation of the palliative prognostic score in terminally ill cancer patients. J Pain Sympt Manage. 1999; 17: 240-7. PubMed ID: 10203876
Mandala M, Clerici M, Corradino I, et al. Incidence, risk factors and clinical implications of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients treated within the context of phase I studies: the 'SENDO experience'. Ann Oncol. 2012; 23:1416. PubMed ID: 22052988
Mandel JC, Kreda DA, Mandl KD, et al. SMART on FHIR: a standards-based, interoperable apps platform for electronic health records. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2016 Sep;23(5):899-908. PubMed ID: 26911829
Manriquez JJ, Villouta MF, Williams HC. Evidence-based dermatology: number needed to treat and its relation to other risk measures. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007 Apr;56(4):664-71. PubMed ID: 17367615
Maranda S, Halliday S, Murray HE, Cooper A. Comparison of Peer Tutor and Librarian Feedback for the Literature Search Component of a Medical School Research Course. JCHLA / JABSC. 2019; 40:2-17.
Marcolino MS, Pires MC, Ramos LEF, et al. ABC2-SPH risk score for in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients: development, external validation and comparison with other available scores. Int J Infect Dis. 2021 Jul 24;110:281-308. PubMed ID: 34311100
Margolis DJ, Berlin JA, Strom BL. Which leg ulcers will heal with limb compression bandages? Am J Med. 2000; 109: 15-19. PubMed ID: 10936473
Markos J, Mullan BP, Hillman Dr, Musk AW, et al. Preoperative assessment as a predictor of mortality and morbidity after lung resection. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989; 139:902. PubMed ID: 2930068
Marshall JC, Cook DJ, Christou NV, et al. Multiple organ dysfunction score: a reliable descriptor of a complex clinical outcome. Crit Care Med. 1995 Oct;23(10):1638-52. Review. PubMed ID: 7587228
Marshall JC. A risk index with 14 variables predicted 30-day postoperative pneumonia after major noncardiac surgery. ACP J Club. 2002 Jul-Aug;137(1):36. PubMed ID: 12093235
Martin E, Tozer TN, Sheiner LB, Riegelman S. The clinical pharmacokinetics of phenytoin. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm. 1977 Dec;5(6):579-96. PubMed ID: 599408
Martin P, DiMartini A, Feng S, et al. Evaluation for liver transplantation in adults: 2013 practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the American Society of Transplantation. Hepatology. 2014 Mar;59(3):1144-65. PubMed ID: 24716201
Martin SS, Blaha MJ, Elshazly MB, et al. Comparison of a novel method vs the Friedewald equation for estimating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels from the standard lipid profile. JAMA. 2013 Nov 20;310(19):2061-8. PubMed ID: 24240933
Martin TP, Hanusa BH, Kapoor WN. Abstract Risk stratification of patients with syncope. Ann Emerg Med. 1997 Apr;29(4):459-66. PubMed ID: 9095005
Martinez-Perez B, de la Torre-Diez I, Candelas-Plasencia S, Lopez-Coronado M. Development and evaluation of tools for measuring the quality of experience (QoE) in mHealth applications. J Med Syst. 2013 Oct;37(5):9976. PubMed ID: 24014255
Martínez-Lacalzada M, Viteri-Noel A, Manzano L, et al. Predicting critical illness on initial diagnosis of COVID-19 based on easily obtained clinical variables: development and validation of the PRIORITY model. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021 Jul 15:S1198-743X(21)00380-3. PubMed ID: 34274525
Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network. https://mfmunetwork.bsc.gwu.edu (accessed 12/16/2022).
Matsuno RK, Costantino JP, Ziegler RG, et al. Projecting individualized absolute invasive breast cancer risk in Asian and Pacific Islander American women. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011; 103:951. PubMed ID: 21562243
Matsushita K, Mahmoodi BK, Woodward M, et al., Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium. Comparison of risk prediction using the CKD-EPI equation and the MDRD study equation for estimated glomerular filtration rate. JAMA. 2012 May 9;307(18):1941-51. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.3954. PubMed ID: 22570462
Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, et al. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985 Jul;28(7):412-9. PubMed ID: 3899825
Maurer MJ, Prochazka VK, El-Galaly TC, et al. FLIPI24: A Modern Prognostic Model and Clinical Trial Enrichment Tool for Newly Diagnosed Follicular Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2026 Jan 10;44(2):117-128. PubMed ID: 41329901
Mayer M, Alper BS, Leff L. Stroke Rate Variation and Anticoagulation Benefit in Atrial Fibrillation. Ann Intern Med. 2019 Jun 4;170(11):817-818. PubMed ID: 31158857
Mazzaferro V, Regalia E, Doci R, et al. Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 1996 Mar 14;334(11):693-9. PubMed ID: 8594428
Mazzanti A, Maragna R, Vacanti G, et al. Interplay Between Genetic Substrate, QTc Duration, and Arrhythmia Risk in Patients With Long QT Syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 Apr 17;71(15):1663-1671. PubMed ID: 29650123
Mazzanti A, Trancuccio A, Kukavica D, et al. Independent validation and clinical implications of the risk prediction model for long QT syndrome (1-2-3-LQTS-Risk). Europace. 2022 Apr 5;24(4):614-619. PubMed ID: 34505884
McClelland RL, Jorgensen NW, Budoff M, et al. 10-Year Coronary Heart Disease Risk Prediction Using Coronary Artery Calcium and Traditional Risk Factors: Derivation in the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) With Validation in the HNR (Heinz Nixdorf Recall) Study and the DHS (Dallas Heart Study). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015 Oct 13;66(15):1643-53. PubMed ID: 26449133
McDonald CF. ACP Journal Club. An updated BODE index and a simplified ADO index predicted 3-year mortality in COPD better than the original BODE index. Ann Intern Med. 2010 Jan 19;152(2):JC1-12. doi: 10.1059/0003-4819-152-2-201001190-02012. PubMed ID: 20083815
McDonald CM, Alvarez JA, Bailey J, et al. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: 2020 Cystic Fibrosis Evidence Analysis Center Evidence-Based Nutrition Practice Guideline. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2020 Jun 18:S2212-2672(20)30302-6. PubMed ID: 32565399
McGinn T. Practice corner: using clinical prediction rules. ACP J Club. 2002 Sep-Oct;137(2):A11-2. PubMed ID: 12207456
McIsaac WJ, Goel V, To T, Low DE. The validity of a sore throat score in family practice. CMAJ. 2000; 163: 811-5. PubMed ID: 11033707
McIsaac WJ, White D, Tannenbaum D, Low D. A clinical score to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use in patients with sore throat. Can Med Assoc J. 158(1), 75-83, 1998. PubMed ID: 9475915
McPherson S, Hardy T, Dufour JF, et al. Age as a Confounding Factor for the Accurate Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Advanced NAFLD Fibrosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017; 112:740. PubMed ID: 27725647
McWilliams A, Tammemagi MC, Mayo JR, et al. Probability of cancer in pulmonary nodules detected on first screening CT. N Engl J Med. 2013 Sep 5;369(10):910-9. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1214726. PubMed ID: 24004118
Mehr D, Binder EF, Zweig SC, Madsen RW, D'Agostino RB. Clinical findings associated with radiographic pneumonia in nursing home residents. J Fam Pract. 2001 Nov;50(11):931-7. PubMed ID: 11711008
Mehr DR, Binder EF, Kruse RL, et al. Predicting mortality in nursing home residents with lower respiratory tract infection: The Missouri LRI Study. JAMA. 2001; 286: 2427-36. PubMed ID: 11712938
Meineche-Schmidt V, Christensen E. Which dyspepsia patients will benefit from omeprazole treatment? Am J Gastro. 2001; 95: 2777-83. PubMed ID: 11051347
Mellemgaard K. The alveolar-arterial oxygen difference: its size and components in normal man. Acta Physiol Scand. 1966 May;67(1):10-20. PubMed ID: 5963295
Mifflin MD, St Jeor ST, Hill LA, et al. A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990 Feb;51(2):241-7. PubMed ID: 2305711
Miller JL, Tada M, Goto M, et al. Prediction Models for Severe Manifestations and Mortality due to COVID-19: A Systematic Review. Acad Emerg Med. 2022 Jan 22. PubMed ID: 35064988
Miller TD, Roger VL, Hodge DO, et al. A simple clinical score accurately predicts outcome in a community-based population undergoing stress testing. Am J. Med. 2005: 118, 866-872. PubMed ID: 16084179
Mills EJ, Ioannidis JP, Thorlund K, et al. How to use an article reporting a multiple treatment comparison meta-analysis. JAMA. 2012 Sep 26;308(12):1246-53. PubMed ID: 23011714
Miniati M, Bottai M, Monti S, et al. Simple and accurate prediction of the clinical probability of pulmonary embolism. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 Aug 1;178(3):290-4. Epub 2008 Apr 24. PubMed ID: 18436792
Miniati M, Monti S, Bottai M. A structured clinical model for predicting the probability of pulmonary embolism. Am J Med. 2003 Feb 15;114(3):173-9. PubMed ID: 12637130
Moccia AA, Donaldson J, Chhanabhai M, et al. International Prognostic Score in Advanced-Stage Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Altered Utility in the Modern Era. J Clin Oncology. 2012; 27: 3383-3387. PubMed ID: 22869887
Mohamed K, Copeland GP, Boot DA, et al. An assessment of the POSSUM system in orthopedic surgery. J Bone Joint Surg (Br). 2002; 84-B:735-9. PubMed ID: 12188495
Montalban C, Abraira V, Arcaini L, et el. Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma Study Group. Risk stratification for Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma based on haemoglobin concentration, platelet count, high lactate dehydrogenase level and extrahilar lymphadenopathy: development and validation on 593 cases. Br J Haematol. 2012 Oct;159(2):164-71. PubMed ID: 22924582
Moodley A, Mangino JE, Goff DA. Review of infectious diseases applications for iPhone/iPad and Android: from pocket to patient. Clin Infect Dis. 2013 Oct;57(8):1145-54. PubMed ID: 23839999
Moon JH, Hamad N, Sohn SK, et al. Improved prognostic stratification power of CIBMTR risk score with the addition of absolute lymphocyte and eosinophil counts at the onset of chronic GVHD. Ann Hematol. 2017 May;96(5):805-815. PubMed ID: 28214979
Moons KG, Altman DG, Reitsma JB, et al. Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD): explanation and elaboration. Ann Intern Med. 2015 Jan 6;162(1):W1-73. PubMed ID: 25560730
Moons KG, Altman DG, Reitsma JB, et al. Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD): Explanation and Elaboration. Ann Intern Med. 2015 Jan 6;162(1):W1-W73. PubMed ID: 25560730
Moons KGM, Wolff RF, Riley RD, et al. PROBAST: A Tool to Assess Risk of Bias and Applicability of Prediction Model Studies: Explanation and Elaboration. Ann Intern Med. 2019 Jan 1;170(1):W1-W33. PubMed ID: 30596876
Moreau R, Jalan R, Gines P, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure is a distinct syndrome that develops in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2013; 144:1426. PubMed ID: 23474284
Moreno R, Rhodes A, Ranzani O, et al. Rationale and Methodological Approach Underlying the Development of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA)-2 Score. JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Oct 1;8. PubMed ID: 41159829
Morgan JF, Reid F, Lacey JH. The SCOFF questionnaire: assessment of a new screening tool for eating disorders. BMJ. 1999 Dec 4;319(7223):1467-8. PubMed ID: 10582927
Morgan TJ. The meaning of acid-base abnormalities in the intensive care unit: part III -- effects of fluid administration. Crit Care. 2005 Apr;9(2):204-11. Epub 2004 Sep 3. PubMed ID: 15774079
Morley JE, Charlton E, Patrick P, et al. Validation of a screening questionnaire for androgen deficiency in aging males. Metabolism. 2000 Sep;49(9):1239-42. PubMed ID: 11016912
Morley JE, Perry HM 3rd. Androgen deficiency in aging men. Med Clin North Am. 1999 Sep;83(5):1279-89, vii. Review. PubMed ID: 10503065
Morris A. ACP Journal Club. Review: CURB65, CRB65, and Pneumonia Severity Index similarly predict mortality in community-acquired pneumonia. Ann Intern Med. 2011 Apr 19;154(8):JC4-13. doi: 10.1059/0003-4819-154-8-201104190-02013. PubMed ID: 21502639
Morrow DA, Antman EM, Charlesworth A, et al. TIMI risk score for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: A convenient, bedside, clinical score for risk assessment at presentation: An intravenous nPA for treatment of infarcting myocardium early II trial substudy. Circulation. 2000 Oct 24;102(17):2031-7. PubMed ID: 11044416
Morrow DA, Antman EM, Giugliano RP, et al. A simple risk index for rapid initial triage of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: an InTIME II substudy. Lancet. 2001 Nov 10;358(9293):1571-5. PubMed ID: 11716882
Morrow DA, Antman EM, Parsons L, et al. Application of the TIMI risk score for ST-elevation MI in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 3. JAMA. 2001 Sep 19;286(11):1356-9. PubMed ID: 11560541
Moser AB, Kreiter N, Bezman L, et al. Plasma very long chain fatty acids in 3,000 peroxisome disease patients and 29,000 controls. Ann Neurol. 1999 Jan;45(1):100-10. PubMed ID: 9894883
Mosteller RD. Simplified calculation of body surface area. NEJM. 1987; 317:1098. PubMed ID: 3657876
Muhlenbruch K, Heraclides A, Steyerberg EW, et al. Assessing improvement in disease prediction using net reclassification improvement: impact of risk cut-offs and number of risk categories. Eur J Epidemiol. 2013 Jan;28(1):25-33. doi: 10.1007/s10654-012-9744-0. Epub 2012 Nov 20. PubMed ID: 23179629
Muhm JM. Predicted arterial oxygenation at commercial aircraft cabin altitudes. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2004 Oct;75(10):905-12. PubMed ID: 15497372
Mul T, Mongelli M, Gardosi J. A comparative analysis of second-trimester ultrasound dating formulae in pregnancies conceived with artificial reproductive techniques. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1996 Dec;8(6):397-402. PubMed ID: 9014279
Muller-Riemenschneider F, Holmberg C, Rieckmann N, et al. Barriers to routine risk-score use for healthy primary care patients: survey and qualitative study. Arch Intern Med. 2010 Apr 26;170(8):719-24. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.66. PubMed ID: 20421559
Muntner P, Colantonio LD, Cushman M, et al. Validation of the Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Pooled Cohort Risk Equations. JAMA. 2014 Mar 29. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.2630. PubMed ID: 24682252
Murphy A. Correlating Laboratory Biomarkers with Mortality in Patients with COVID-19, Sepsis, or Cardiovascular Illness. A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate Faculty of the University of the Sciences in Philadelphia. 2022; April.
Murrell GAC, Walton JR. Diagnosis of rotator cuff tears. Lancet. 2001; 357: 769-70. PubMed ID: 11253973
Naranjo CA, Busto U, Sellers EM, et al. A method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1981 Aug;30(2):239-45. PubMed ID: 7249508
Nathan DM, Kuenen J, Borg R, et al., A1c-Derived Average Glucose Study Group. Translating the A1C assay into estimated average glucose values. A1c-Derived Average Glucose Study Group. Diabetes Care. 2008 Aug;31(8):1473-8. Epub 2008 Jun 7. Erratum in: Diabetes Care. 2009 Jan;32(1):207. PubMed ID: 18540046
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26818/dietary-reference-intakes-for-energy (Accessed on October 25, 2023).
National Cholesterol Education Program. Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) May 2001. NIH Publication. No. 01-3670 May 2001.
National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2004; 114:555. PubMed ID: 15286277
National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). The practical guide: Identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults, NIH publication 00-4084, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 2000.
Navar-Boggan AM, Newby LK. ACC/AHA Pooled Cohort Risk Equations predicted 5-y risk for CV events in adults considered for statin initiation. Ann Intern Med. 2014 Aug 19;161(4):JC12. PubMed ID: 25133379
Nelson EA. A simple model based on wound size and duration predicted healing of venous leg ulcers at 24 weeks. ACP J Club. 2001 Mar-Apr 134:77.
Nendaz M, Spirk D, Kucher N, et al. Multicentre validation of the Geneva Risk Score for hospitalized medical patients at risk of venous thromboembolism. Explicit ASsessment of Thromboembolic RIsk and Prophylaxis for Medical PATients in SwitzErland (ESTIMATE). Thromb Haemost. 2014; 111:531. PubMed ID: 24226257
Nerella N. ACP Journal Club. A 5-item score predicted risk for warfarin-associated major hemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med. 2011 Nov 15;155(10):JC5-13. doi: 10.1059/0003-4819-155-10-201111150-02013. PubMed ID: 22084360
Newman-Toker DE, Kerber KA, Hsieh YH, wt al. HINTS outperforms ABCD2 to screen for stroke in acute continuous vertigo and dizziness. Acad Emerg Med. 2013 Oct;20(10):986-96. PubMed ID: 24127701
Nguyen MK, Song L, Kao L, et al. Is the Osmolal Concentration of Ethanol Greater Than Its Molar Concentration? Front Med (Lausanne). 2020 Jan 8;6:306. PubMed ID: 31970159
Nguyen MK, Song L, Kao L, et al. Is the Osmolal Concentration of Ethanol Greater Than Its Molar Concentration? Front Med (Lausanne). 2020 Jan 8;6:306. PubMed ID: 31970159
Nigrovic LE, Kuppermann N, Malley R. Development and validation of a multivariate predictive model to distinguish bacterial from aseptic meningitis in children in the post-haemophilus influenza era. Pediatrics. 2002; 110: 712-9. PubMed ID: 12359784
NIH Website Information: http://www.genome.gov/.
Nitsch-Osuch A, Dyk S, Gasiewska A, et al. Knowledge concerning vaccinations in adults among medical professionals (physicians and nurses). Family Medicine & Primary Care Review. 2008, 10, 3: 560-3.
Nitsch-Osuch A, Ewa G, Topczewska-Cabanek A, et al. Sensitivity and specifity of a rapid streptococcal test (Test Strep A®) in children with pharyngitis treated in an outpatient setting. Family Medicine & Primary Care Review. 2008, 10, 3: 572-4.
Nitsch-Osuch A, Gasiewska A, Dyk S, et al. Analysis of parents' sources of information concerning recommended vaccination of their children. Family Medicine & Primary Care Review. 2008, 10, 3: 568-71.
Nitsch-Osuch A, Gyrczuk E, Wardyn A, et al. Antibiotic Prescription Practices Among Children with Influenza. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016 Jan 23. PubMed ID: 26801146
Nitsch-Osuch A, Kuchar E, Topczewska-Cabanek A, et al. Incidence and Clinical Course of Respiratory Viral Coinfections in Children Aged 0-59 Months. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016 Jan 23. PubMed ID: 26801151
Nitsch-Osuch A, Okrucinski D, Dawgiallo M, et al. Evaluation of the Implementation of Hospital Antibiotic Policy in Oncosurgery Ward: A Six-Year Experience. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017 Nov 19. PubMed ID: 29151254
Nitsch-Osuch A, Topczewska-Cabanek A, Ewa G, et al. Validation of authors'-designed questionnaire concerning knowledge and opinions of family violence among medical students. Family Medicine & Primary Care Review. 2008, 10, 3: 575-7.
Nitsch-Osuch A, Zycinska K, Gyrczuk E, et al. Low influenza vaccine coverage rates among Polish nurses. Department of Family Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Poland. (9/2016) http://www.waset.org/downloads/temp/nitsch_lowinfluenza_bali.doc.
No authors listed. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 107: Induction of labor. Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Aug; 114(2 Pt 1):386-397. PubMed ID: 19623003
Norton D. Calculating the risk: reflections on the Norton Scale. 1989. Adv Wound Care. 1996 Nov-Dec;9(6):38-43. PubMed ID: 9069755
Norton D. Calculating the risk: reflections on the Norton Scale. Decubitus. 1989 Aug;2(3):24-31. PubMed ID: 2775471
Nottola SA, Makabe S, Stallone T, et al. Surface morphology of the zona pellucida surrounding human blastocysts obtained after in vitro fertilization. Arch Histol Cytol. 2005 Jun;68(2):133-41. PubMed ID: 16079459
Ntaios G, Chatzinikolaou A, Saouli Z, et al. Discrimination indices as screening tests for beta-thalassemic trait. Ann Hematol. 2007 Jul;86(7):487-91. PubMed ID: 17476506
Nunn AJ, Gregg I. New regression equations for predicting peak expiratory flow in adults. BMJ. 1989; 298:1068. PubMed ID: 2497892
O'Brien EC, Simon DN, Thomas LE, et al. The ORBIT bleeding score: a simple bedside score to assess bleeding risk in atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J. 2015 Dec 7;36(46):3258-64. PubMed ID: 26424865
O'Flaherty M. A bedside prediction tool predicted all-cause mortality 6 months after discharge for the acute coronary syndrome. ACP J Club. 2004 Nov-Dec;141(3):80. PubMed ID: 15518464
O'Mahony C, Jichi F, Pavlou M, et al. A novel clinical risk prediction model for sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM risk-SCD). Eur Heart J. 2014 Aug 7;35(30):2010-20. PubMed ID: 24126876
O'Rourke S, Galea MH, Morgan D, et al. Local recurrence after simple mastectomy. Br J Surg. 1994 Mar;81(3):386-389. PubMed ID: 8173907
O'Seaghdha CM, Lyass A, Massaro JM, et al. A risk score for chronic kidney disease in the general population. Am J Med. 2012 Mar;125(3):270-7. PubMed ID: 22340925
Oken MM, Creech RH, Tormey DC, et al. Toxicity and response criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Am J Clin Oncol. 1982; 5:649. PubMed ID: 7165009
Oken MM, Creech RH, Tormey DC, et al., Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, Robert Comis M.D., Group Chair. Toxicity and response criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Am J Clin Oncol. 1982 Dec;5(6):649-55. PubMed ID: 7165009
Oldgren J, Alings M, Darius H, et al., RE-LY Investigators. Risks for stroke, bleeding, and death in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving dabigatran or warfarin in relation to the CHADS2 score: a subgroup analysis of the RE-LY trial. Ann Intern Med. 2011 Nov 15;155(10):660-7, W204. doi: 10.1059/0003-4819-155-10-201111150-00004. PubMed ID: 22084332
Olesen JB, Lip GY, Hansen ML, et al. Validation of risk stratification schemes for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation: nationwide cohort study. BMJ. 2011 Jan 31;342:d124. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d124. PubMed ID: 21282258
Olesen JB, Lip GY, Hansen ML, et al. Validation of risk stratification schemes for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation: nationwide cohort study. BMJ. 2011 Jan 31;342:d124. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d124. PubMed ID: 21282258
Oliver D, Britton M, Seed P, et al. Development and evaluation of evidence based risk assessment tool (STRATIFY) to predict which elderly inpatients will fall: case-control and cohort studies. BMJ. 1997 Oct 25;315(7115):1049-1053. PubMed ID: 9366729
Olsen EA, Hordinsky MK, Price VH, et al. National Alopecia Areata Foundation. Alopecia areata investigational assessment guidelines--Part II. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004 Sep;51(3):440-7. PubMed ID: 15337988
Olsen IE, Groveman SA, Lawson ML, et al. New intrauterine growth curves based on United States data. Pediatrics. 2010 Feb;125(2):e214-24. PubMed ID: 20100760
Olsen IE, Lawson ML, Ferguson AN, et al. BMI curves for preterm infants. Pediatrics. 2015 Mar;135(3):e572-81. PubMed ID: 25687149
Onodera T, Goseki N, Kosaki G. Prognostic nutritional index in gastrointestinal surgery of malnourished cancer patients. Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi. 1984 Sep;85(9):1001-5. Japanese. PubMed ID: 6438478
Onubogu U. Factors Predicting Heart Failure in Children Admitted to a Pediatric Emergency Ward in a Developing Country. Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; 33(6): 673-685.
Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. PELD calculator. https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/resources/allocation-calculators/peld-calculator/ (Accessed on October 15, 2023).
Orrego H, Israel Y, Blake JE, Medline A. Assessment of prognostic factors in alcoholic liver disease: Toward a global quantitative expression of severity. Hepatology. vol 3, no. 6, 896-905, 1983. PubMed ID: 6629318
Oswald S, Graham A. Impact of a Series of Drug Information Interventions on Pharmacy Staff. Hospital Pharmacy. Volume 42, Number 9, pp 826-31.
Otto CM, Pearlman AS. Doppler echocardiography in adults with symptomatic aortic stenosis. Diagnostic utility and cost-effectiveness. Arch Intern Med. 1988 Dec;148(12):2553-60. PubMed ID: 3143323
Oudega R, Moons KG, Hoes AW. Ruling out deep venous thrombosis in primary care. A simple diagnostic algorithm including D-dimer testing. Thromb Haemost. 2005 Jul;94(1):200-5. PubMed ID: 16113804
Oxman AD, Sackett DL, Guyatt GH. Users' guides to the medical literature. I. How to get started. The Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. JAMA. 1993 Nov 3;270(17):2093-5. PubMed ID: 8411577
Page J, Attia J. Using Bayes' nomogram to help interpret odds ratios. ACP J Club. 2003 Sep-Oct;139(2):A11-2. PubMed ID: 12954046
Pahlm O, Case D, Howard G, et al. Decision rules for ECG diagnosis of inferior myocardial infarction. Comp Biomed Res. 1990; 23:332-345. PubMed ID: 2394092
Papatheodoridis G, Dalekos G, Sypsa V, et al. PAGE-B predicts the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma in Caucasians with chronic hepatitis B on 5-year antiviral therapy. J Hepatol. 2016; 64:800. PubMed ID: 26678008
Park RW, Kim EY, Hwang SC. What kind of medical equations and decision trees do physicians want in their daily activities? : Analysis of one-year MedCalc 3000 log data. J Korean Soc Med Inform. 2007 Mar;13(1):27-34. Korean.
Parkes G, Greenhalgh T, Griffin M, Dent R. Effect on smoking quit rate of telling patients their lung age: the Step2quit randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2008 Mar 15;336(7644):598-600. Epub 2008 Mar 6. PubMed ID: 18326503
Parry-Jones AR, Abid KA, Di Napoli M, et al. Accuracy and clinical usefulness of intracerebral hemorrhage grading scores: a direct comparison in a UK population. Stroke. 2013 Jul;44(7):1840-5. PubMed ID: 23686981
Parsh J, Seth M, Aronow H, et al. Choice of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Equation Impacts Drug-Dosing Recommendations and Risk Stratification in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Interventions. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015 Jun 30;65(25):2714-23. PubMed ID: 26112195
Patard JJ, Kim HL, Lam JS, et al. Use of the University of California Los Angeles integrated staging system to predict survival in renal cell carcinoma: an international multicenter study. J Clin Oncol. 2004; 22(16):3316. PubMed ID: 15310775
Patel B, Edwards T, Schrire T, et al. Is the quality of mobile health applications for burns being adequately assessed? J Burn Care Res. 2021 Oct 21:irab197. PubMed ID: 34673981
Patnaik MM, Padron E, LaBorde RR, et al. Mayo prognostic model for WHO-defined chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: ASXL1 and spliceosome component mutations and outcomes. Leukemia. 2013 Jul;27(7):1504-10. PubMed ID: 23531518
Payne RB, Little AJ, Williams RB, Milner JR. Interpretation of serum calcium in patients with abnormal serum proteins. Br Med J. 1973 Dec 15;4(5893):643-6. PubMed ID: 4758544
Pepe MS, Janes H, Gu JW. Letter by Pepe et al regarding article, "Use and misuse of the receiver operating characteristic curve in risk prediction". Circulation. 2007 Aug 7;116(6):e132; author reply e134. PubMed ID: 17679623
Pereira M, Menezes S, Franco AJ, et al. Role of GLP1-RA in Optimizing Weight Loss Post-Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Obes Surg. 2024 Aug 31. PubMed ID: 39215779
Perera R, Heneghan C. Making sense of diagnostic test likelihood ratios. ACP J Club. 2007 Mar-Apr;146(2):A8-9. PubMed ID: 17335149
Perez-Ruiz F, Calabozo M, Erauskin GG, et.al. Renal underexcretion of uric acid is present in patients with apparent high urinary uric acid output. Arthritis Rheum. 2002 Dec 15;47(6):610-3. PubMed ID: 12522834
Perito ER, Lowe ME, Schwarzenberg SJ. Predicting severity in acute pancreatitis in children: What can a quantitative score add to clinical judgement? J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2020; 71:419. PubMed ID: 32740540
Perla RJ. The physics of health care improvement. JAMA. 2011 Jun 1;305(21):2223-4. doi: 10.1001/jama.2011.735. PubMed ID: 21632486
Perry JJ, Stiell IG, Sivilotti ML, et al. Clinical decision rules to rule out subarachnoid hemorrhage for acute headache. JAMA. 2013 Sep 25;310(12):1248-55. PubMed ID: 24065011
Petri M, Orbai AM, Alarcon GS, et al. Derivation and validation of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Aug;64(8):2677-86. PubMed ID: 22553077
Pfirrmann M, Baccarani M, Saussele S, et al. Prognosis of long-term survival considering disease-specific death in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2016; 30:48. PubMed ID: 26416462
Pi-Sunyer FX, Aronne LJ, et al. The Practical guide:Identification, Evaluation and treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults. National Institute of Health, National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute, North American Association For The Study Of Obesity. NIH publication 00-4084, 2002.
Pierce CB, Muñoz A, Ng DK, et al. Age- and sex-dependent clinical equations to estimate glomerular filtration rates in children and young adults with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2021 Apr;99(4):948-956. PubMed ID: 33301749
Pierce RJ, Copland JM, Sharpe K, Barter CE. Preoperative risk evaluation for lung cancer resection: predicted postoperative product as a predictor of surgical mortality. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994; 150:947. PubMed ID: 7921468
Piombo AC, Gagliardi JA, Guetta J, et al. A new scoring system to stratify risk in unstable angina. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. 2003; 3: 8. PubMed ID: 12930562
Pischon T, Boeing H, Hoffmann K, et al. General and abdominal adiposity and risk of death in Europe. N Engl J Med. 2008 Nov 13;359(20):2105-20. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2010 Jun 24;362(25):2433. PubMed ID: 19005195
Pocock SJ, Ariti CA, McMurray JJ, Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure, et al. Predicting survival in heart failure: a risk score based on 39 372 patients from 30 studies. Eur Heart J. 2013 May;34(19):1404-13. PubMed ID: 23095984
Poller L, Ibrahim S, Jespersen J, Pattison A. Coagulometer international sensitivity index (ISI) derivation, a rapid method using the prothrombin time/international normalized ratio (PT/INR) Line: a multicenter study. J Thromb Haemost. 2012 Jul;10(7):1379-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04751.x. PubMed ID: 22519939
Pomeroy IM, Clark CR, Philp I. The effectiveness of very short scales for depression screening in elderly medical patients. Int J Ger Psychiatry. 2001; 16: 321-6. PubMed ID: 11288167
Porcel JM, Pena JM, Vicente de Vera C, et al. Bayesian analysis using continuous likelihood ratios for identifying pleural exudates. Respir Med. 2006; 100:1960. PubMed ID: 16626953
Preisman S, Kogan S, Berkenstadt H, Perel A. Predicting fluid responsiveness in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: functional haemodynamic parameters including the Respiratory Systolic Variation Test and static preload indicators. Br J Anaesth. 2005 Dec;95(6):746-55. PubMed ID: 16286349
Prevoo ML, van 't Hof MA, Kuper HH, et al. Modified disease activity scores that include twenty-eight-joint counts. Development and validation in a prospective longitudinal study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1995 Jan;38(1):44-8. PubMed ID: 7818570
Primary Care Spotlight. Introducing MedCalc 3000. MD NetGuide. 2004; November:60-63.
Priya P P, A R S. Role of absolute reticulocyte count in evaluation of pancytopenia-a hospital based study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014 Aug;8(8):FC01-3. PubMed ID: 25302197
Proie S. A systematic review of cortisol levels in wild and Captive atlantic bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus), Killer whale, (orcinus orca), and beluga whale (delphinapterus Leucas). Thesis for the degree Master of Environmental Studies The Evergreen State College. June 2013.
Prorok JC, Iserman EC, Wilczynski NL, Haynes RB. The quality, breadth, and timeliness of content updating vary substantially for 10 online medical texts: an analytic survey. J Clin Epidemiol. 2012 Dec;65(12):1289-95. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.05.003. PubMed ID: 22974495
Pugh RN, Murray-Lyon IM, Dawson JL, et al. Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices. Br J Surg. 1973; 60:646. PubMed ID: 4541913
Pugin J, Auckenthaler R, Mili N, et al. Diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia by bacteriologic analysis of bronchoscopic and nonbronchoscopic "blind" bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991 May;143(5 Pt 1):1121-9. PubMed ID: 2024824
Puhan MA, Garcia-Aymerich J, Frey M, et al. Expansion of the prognostic assessment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the updated BODE index and the ADO index. Lancet. 2009 Aug 29;374(9691):704-11. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61301-5. PubMed ID: 19716962
Punnonen K, Irjala K, Rajamaki A. Serum transferrin receptor and its ratio to serum ferritin in the diagnosis of iron deficiency. Blood. 1997 Feb 1;89(3):1052-7. PubMed ID: 9028338
Puopolo KM, Draper D, Wi S, et al. Estimating the probability of neonatal early-onset infection on the basis of maternal risk factors. Pediatrics. 2011 Nov;128(5):e1155-63. PubMed ID: 22025590
Pursnani A, Massaro JM, D'Agostino RB Sr, et al. Guideline-Based Statin Eligibility, Coronary Artery Calcification, and Cardiovascular Events. JAMA. 2015 Jul 14;314(2):134-41. PubMed ID: 26172893
Purssell RA, Pudek M, Brubacher J, Abu-Laban RB. Derivation and validation of a formula to calculate the contribution of ethanol to the osmolal gap. Ann Emerg Med. 2001 Dec;38(6):653-9. PubMed ID: 11719745
Purssell RA, Pudek M, Brubacher J, et al. Derivation and validation of a formula to calculate the contribution of ethanol to the osmolal gap. Ann Emerg Med. 2001; 38:653. PubMed ID: 11719745
Qi Y, Wang X, Liu Y, et al. Association of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index With Prognosis in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2026 Jan;14(1):e70321. PubMed ID: 41537438
Quanjer PH, Stanojevic S, Cole TJ, et al. ERS Global Lung Function Initiative. Multi-ethnic reference values for spirometry for the 3-95-yr age range: the global lung function 2012 equations. Eur Respir J. 2012; 40:1324. PubMed ID: 22743675
Quanjer PhH, Tammeling GJ, Cotes JE, et al. Lung volume and forced ventilatory flows. Report Working Party Standardization of lung function tests. Official Statement European Respiratory Society. Eur Respir J. 1993; 6 Suppl 16: 5-40. PubMed ID: 8499054
Quinn JV, Stiell IG, McDermott DA, et al. Derivation of the San Francisco Syncope Rule to predict patients with short-term serious outcomes. Ann Emerg Med. 2004 Feb;43(2):224-32. PubMed ID: 14747812
Qushmaq I, Cook DJ. The Canadian CT Head Rule was as sensitive as, but more specific than, the New Orleans Criteria for identifying minor head injury. ACP J Club. 2006 Mar-Apr;144(2):53. PubMed ID: 16539368
Rabasa-Lhoret R, Bastard JP, Jan V, et al. Modified quantitative insulin sensitivity check index is better correlated to hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp than other fasting-based index of insulin sensitivity in different insulin-resistant states. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Oct;88(10):4917-23. PubMed ID: 14557474
Racine E. Developpement D'un Modele D'estimation De L'inconfort Des Passagers Relatif A La Pressurisation Des Cabines D'avion. Memoire Presente En Vue De L'obtention Du Diplome De Maitrise En Sciences Appliquees, Departement De Mathematiques Et De Genie Industriel Ecole Polytechnique De Montreal. August 2011.
Radeos MS, Camargo CA. Predicted peak expiratory flow: differences across formulae in the literature. Am J Emerg Med. 2004 Nov;22(7):516-21. PubMed ID: 15666252
Ramond MJ, Poynard T, Rueff B, Mathurin P, Theodore C, Chaput JC, Benhamou JP. A randomized trial of prednisolone in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. N Engl J Med. 1992 Feb 20;326(8):507-512. PubMed ID: 1531090
Ranson JH, Rifkind KM, Turner JW. Prognostic signs and nonoperative peritoneal lavage in acute pancreatitis. Surg Gyne Ob. 143:209, 1976. PubMed ID: 941075
Ranson JH. Etiological and prognostic factors in human acute pancreatitis: a review. Am J Gastroenterol. 1982 Sep;77(9):633-8. PubMed ID: 7051819
Ranzani OT, Singer M, Salluh JIF, et al. Development and Validation of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA)-2 Score. JAMA. 2025;334:2090. PubMed ID: 41159833
Rao SV, McCoy LA, Spertus JA, et al. An updated bleeding model to predict the risk of post-procedure bleeding among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a report using an expanded bleeding definition from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI Registry. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2013 Sep;6(9):897-904. PubMed ID: 24050858
Rashedi S, Keykhaei M, Pazoki M, et al. Clinical significance of prognostic nutrition index in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: Results from single-center experience with systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Clin Pract. 2021 Jul 16. PubMed ID: 34270114
Ray J. The TIMI risk score predicted mortality in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. ACP J Club. 2002 Mar-Apr;136(2):76. PubMed ID: 11874301
Reddy YNV, Carter RE, Obokata M, at al. A Simple, Evidence-Based Approach to Help Guide Diagnosis of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Circulation. 2018; 138:861. PubMed ID: 29792299
Reed MJ, Newby DE, Coull AJ, et al. The ROSE (risk stratification of syncope in the emergency department) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 Feb 23;55(8):713-21. PubMed ID: 20170806
Regenbogen SE, Ehrenfeld JM, Lipsitz SR, et al. Utility of the surgical Apgar score: validation in 4119 patients. Arch Surg. 2009; 144:30. PubMed ID: 19153322
Reginster J. A simple clinical tool that included age, weight, and estrogen use helped select women for bone densitometry. ACP J Club. 2001 Jan-Feb; 134:37.
Reilly BM, Evans AT. Translating clinical research into clinical practice: impact of using prediction rules to make decisions. Ann Intern Med. 2006 Feb 7;144(3):201-9. PubMed ID: 16461965
Resnic RS, Ohno-Machado L, Selwyn A, et al. Simplified risk score models accurately predict the risk of major in-hospital complications following percutaneous coronary interventions. Am J Cardiol. 2001; 88: 5-9. PubMed ID: 11423050
Reynolds PQ, Sanders NW, Schildcrout JS, et al. Expansion of the surgical Apgar score across all surgical subspecialties as a means to predict postoperative mortality. Anesthesiology. 2011; 114:1305. PubMed ID: 21502856
Rich JD, Burns J, Freed BH, Maurer MS, et al. Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic (MAGGIC) Heart Failure Risk Score: Validation of a Simple Tool for the Prediction of Morbidity and Mortality in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018 Oct 16;7(20):e009594. PubMed ID: 30371285
Richy F, Deceulaer F, Ethgen O, et al. Development and validation of the ORACLE score to predict risk of osteoporosis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2004 Nov;79(11):1402-8. PubMed ID: 15544019
Ridker PM, Buring JE, Rifai N, Cook NR. Development and validation of improved algorithms for the assessment of global cardiovascular risk in adult females: the Reynolds Risk Score. JAMA. 2007 Feb 14;297(6):611-9. Erratum in: JAMA. 2007 Apr 4;297(13):1433. PubMed ID: 17299196
Ridker PM, Cook NR. Comparing cardiovascular risk prediction scores. Ann Intern Med. 2015 Feb 17;162(4):313-4. PubMed ID: 25686171
Ridker PM, Cook NR. Statins: new American guidelines for prevention of cardiovascular disease. Lancet. 2013 Nov 30;382(9907):1762-5. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62388-0. Epub 2013 Nov 20. PubMed ID: 24268611
Ridker PM, Paynter NP, Rifai N, et al. C-reactive protein and parental history improve global cardiovascular risk prediction: the Reynolds Risk Score for men. Circulation. 2008 Nov 25;118(22):2243-51, 4p following 2251. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.814251. Epub 2008 Nov 9. PubMed ID: 18997194
Rietveld RP, ter Riet G, Bindels PJ, et al. Predicting bacterial cause in infectious conjunctivitis: cohort study on informativeness of combinations of signs and symptoms. BMJ. 2004 Jul 24;329(7459):206-10. Epub 2004 Jun 16. PubMed ID: 15201195
Rietveld RP, van Weert HC, ter Riet G, et al. Diagnostic impact of signs and symptoms in acute infectious conjunctivitis: systematic literature search. BMJ. 2003 Oct 4;327(7418):789. PubMed ID: 14525879
Rimon E, Levy S, Sapir A, et al. Diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in the elderly by transferrin receptor-ferritin index. Arch Intern Med. 2002 Feb 25;162(4):445-9. PubMed ID: 11863478
Rindi LV, Al Moghazi S, Donno DR, et al. Predictive scores for the diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism in COVID-19: A systematic review. Int J Infect Dis. 2021 Nov 27;115:93-100. PubMed ID: 34848375
Rinella ME, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Siddiqui MS, et al. AASLD Practice Guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2023; 77:1797. PubMed ID: 36727674
Ritchie J, Welch B. Categorization of Third-Party Apps in Electronic Health Record App Marketplaces: Systematic Search and Analysis. JMIR Med Inform. 2020 May 29;8(5):e16980. PubMed ID: 32469324
Robert Graham Center. Social Deprivation Index (SDI). https://www.graham-center.org/evidence-based-research/featured-work/social-deprivation-index#datasets (Accessed on May 28, 2026).
Roca O, Caralt B, Messika J, Samper M, et al. An Index Combining Respiratory Rate and Oxygenation to Predict Outcome of Nasal High-Flow Therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Jun 1;199(11):1368-1376. PubMed ID: 30576221
Roca O, Messika J, Caralt B, et al. Predicting success of high-flow nasal cannula in pneumonia patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure: The utility of the ROX index. J Crit Care. 2016 Oct;35:200-5. PubMed ID: 27481760
Rockall TA, Logan RF, Devlin HB, Northfield TC. Risk assessment after acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Gut. 1996 Mar;38(3):316-21. PubMed ID: 8675081
Rojo MG. Ordenadores en el bolsillo del patologo. Aplicaciones para Pocket PC y Palm. Servicio de Anatomia Patologica. Complejo Hospitalario de Ciudad Real. p, 3.
Roland M, Fairbank J. The Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire. Spine. 2000 Dec 15;25(24):3115-24. Review. Erratum in: Spine 2001 Apr 1;26(7):847. PubMed ID: 11124727
Romhilt, DW, Bove KE, et al. A critical appraisal of the electrocardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy. Circulation. 40:185, 1969. PubMed ID: 4240354
Roques F, Nashef SA, Michel P, et al. Risk factors and outcome in European cardiac surgery: analysis of the EuroSCORE multinational database of 19030 patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1999 Jun;15(6):816-22; discussion 822-3. PubMed ID: 10431864
Rosbolt MB, Sterling ES, Fahy BG. The utility of the clinical pulmonary infection score. J Intensive Care Med. 2009 Jan-Feb;24(1):26-34. doi: 10.1177/0885066608327097. Epub 2008 Nov 19. Review. PubMed ID: 19019839
Rosner B, Cook N, Portman R, et al. Determination of blood pressure percentiles in normal-weight children: some methodological issues. Am J Epidemiol. 2008; 167:653. PubMed ID: 18230679
Rothman MJ, Rothman SI, Beals J 4th. Development and validation of a continuous measure of patient condition using the Electronic Medical Record. J Biomed Inform. 2013 Oct;46(5):837-48. PubMed ID: 23831554
Rothwell PM, Giles MF, Flossmann E, et al. A simple score (ABCD) to identify individuals at high early risk of stroke after transient ischaemic attack. Lancet. 2005 Jul 2-8;366(9479):29-36. PubMed ID: 15993230
Royal College of Physicians. National Early Warning Score (NEWS) 2: Standardising the assessment of acute-illness severity in the NHS. Updated report of a working party. London: RCP 2017.
Rudolfer SM, Paliouras G, Peers IS. A comparison of logistic regression to decision tree induction in the diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Comp Biomed Res. 1999:32, p391-414. PubMed ID: 10529299
Rudski LG, Lai WW, Afilalo J, et al. Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2010 Jul;23(7):685-713. PubMed ID: 20620859
Rule AD, Larson TS, Bergstralh EJ, Slezak JM, et al. Using serum creatinine to estimate glomerular filtration rate: accuracy in good health and in chronic kidney disease. Ann Intern Med. 2004 Dec 21;141(12):929-37. PubMed ID: 15611490
Rumack BH, Matthew H. Acetaminophen poisoning and toxicity. Pediatrics. 1975 Jun;55(6):871-6. PubMed ID: 1134886
Rutherford RB, Padberg FT Jr, Comerota AJ, et al. Venous severity scoring: An adjunct to venous outcome assessment. J Vasc Surg. 2000 Jun;31(6):1307-12. PubMed ID: 10842165
Rysavy M. Evidence-based medicine: a science of uncertainty and an art of probability. Virtual Mentor. 2013 Jan 1;15(1):4-8. PubMed ID: 23356799
Saag KG, Teng GG, Patkar NM, et al. American College of Rheumatology 2008 recommendations for the use of nonbiologic and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Jun 15;59(6):762-84. PubMed ID: 18512708
Sabatine MS, Januzzi JL, Snapinn S, et al. A risk score system for predicting adverse outcomes and magnitude of benefit with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy in patients with unstable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol. 2001; 88: 488-92. PubMed ID: 11524055
Sackett DL, Rosenberg WM, Gray JA, Haynes RB, Richardson WS. Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't. BMJ. 1996 Jan 13;312(7023):71-2. PubMed ID: 8555924
Saffle, JR. Practice guidelines for burn care. J Burn Care. 2001; 22(Suppl):i.
Sagaro del Campo NM, Paneque CRJ. Estado actual de la informatizacion de los procesos de evaluacion de medios de diagnostico y analisis de decision clinica. Medisan. 2009;13(1).
Sagie A, Larson MG, Goldberg RJ, et al. An improved method for adjusting the QT interval for heart rate (the Framingham Heart Study). Am J Cardiol. 1992; 70:797. PubMed ID: 1519533
Saito F, Toyoda S, Arikawa T, et al. Prediction of Acute-phase Complications in Patients with Infectious Endocarditis. Intern Med. 2019 Aug 15;58(16):2323-2331. PubMed ID: 31118367
Saliba W, Barnett-Griness O, Elias M, Rennert G. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and risk of a first episode of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a cohort study. J Thromb Haemost. 2015 Nov;13(11):1971-9. PubMed ID: 25988740
Sampson M, Ling C, Sun Q, et al. A New Equation for Calculation of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Patients With Normolipidemia and/or Hypertriglyceridemia. JAMA Cardiol. 2020; 5(5):540. PubMed ID: 32101259
Sanaka M, Takano K, Shimakura K, et al. Serum albumin for estimating creatinine clearance in the elderly with muscle atrophy. Nephron. 1996;73(2):137-44. PubMed ID: 8773334
Sanchis J, Bodi V, Nunez J, et al. A practical approach with outcome for the prognostic assessment of non-ST-segment elevation chest pain and normal troponin. Am J Cardiol. 2007 Mar 15;99(6):797-801. Epub 2007 Jan 30. PubMed ID: 17350368
Sandahl TD, Jepsen P, Ott P, Vilstrup H. Validation of prognostic scores for clinical use in patients with alcoholic hepatitis. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2011 Sep;46(9):1127-32. PubMed ID: 21591871
Santiago H, Pagan D, Acevedo A. Obesity and Hypertension in School Children of Puerto Rico. P R Health Sci J. 2020;40:45-49. PubMed ID: 33876918
Santori G, Fontana I, Valente U. Application of an artificial neural network model to predict delayed decrease of serum creatinine in pediatric patients after kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2007 Jul-Aug;39(6):1813-9. PubMed ID: 17692620
Sanz J, Martorell A, Saiz R, et al. Peak expiratory flow measured with the Mini Wright Peak Flow Meter in children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1990; 9:86. PubMed ID: 2144618
Scanlan J, Borson S. The Mini-Cog: receiver operating characteristics with expert and naive raters. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2001 Feb;16(2):216-22. PubMed ID: 11241728
Schadow G, McDonald CJ, Suico JG, et al. Units of measure in clinical information systems. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 1999 Mar-Apr;6(2):151-62. PubMed ID: 10094068
Schag CC, Heinrich RL, Ganz PA. Karnofsky performance status revisited: reliability, validity, and guidelines. J Clin Oncol. 1984 Mar;2(3):187-93. PubMed ID: 6699671
Schilling A. What safety and efficacy data exist for metformin use in pediatric patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus? https://amberschillingpharmd.com/examples-drug-information.html. Accessed 7/17/2024.
Schlessinger L, Eddy DM. Archimedes: a new model for simulating health care systems--the mathematical formulation. J Biomed Inform. 2002 Feb;35(1):37-50. PubMed ID: 12415725
Schmidt B, Asztalos EV, Roberts RS, et al. Impact of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, brain injury, and severe retinopathy on the outcome of extremely low birth weight infants at 18 months. JAMA. 2003; 289: 1124-9. PubMed ID: 12622582
Schmidt M, Bailey M, Sheldrake J, et al. Predicting survival after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory failure. The Respiratory Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Survival Prediction (RESP) score. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014 Jun 1;189(11):1374-82. PubMed ID: 24693864
Schmidt M, Burrell A, Roberts L, et al. Predicting survival after ECMO for refractory cardiogenic shock: the survival after veno-arterial-ECMO (SAVE)-score. Eur Heart J. 2015 Sep 1;36(33):2246-56. PubMed ID: 26033984
Schmitz N, Zeynalova S, Nickelsen M, et al. CNS International Prognostic Index: A risk model for CNS relapse in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP. J Clin Oncol. 2016; 34:3150. PubMed ID: 27382100
Schofield C. An annotated bibliography of source material for basal metabolic rate data. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr. 1985; 39:42. PubMed ID: 3900006
Schofield WN. Predicting basal metabolic rate, new standards and review of previous work. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr. 1985; 39:5. PubMed ID: 4044297
Schonfeld SJ, Pee D, Greenlee RT, et al. Effect of changing breast cancer incidence rates on the calibration of the Gail model. J Clin Oncol. 2010; 28:241. PubMed ID: 20368565
Schroeder KW, Tremaine WJ, Ilstrup DM. Coated oral 5-aminosalicylic acid therapy for mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis. A randomized study. N Engl J Med. 1987 Dec 24;317(26):1625-9. PubMed ID: 3317057
Schwab SJ, Christensen RL, Dougherty K, Klahr S. Quantitation of proteinuria by the use of protein-to-creatinine ratios in single urine samples. Arch Intern Med. 1987 May;147(5):943-4. PubMed ID: 3555378
Schwartz GJ, Feld LG, Langford DJ. A simple estimate of glomerular filtration rate in full-term infants during the first year of life. J Pediatr. 1984 Jun;104(6):849-54. PubMed ID: 6726515
Schwartz GJ, Gauthier B. A simple estimate of glomerular filtration rate in adolescent boys. J Pediatr. 1985 Mar;106(3):522-6. PubMed ID: 3973793
Schwartz GJ, Munoz A, Schneider MF, et al. New equations to estimate GFR in children with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Mar;20(3):629-37. PubMed ID: 19158356
Scott IA. Machine Learning and Evidence-Based Medicine. Ann Intern Med. 2018 Jul 3;169(1):44-46. PubMed ID: 29710098
Scott IA. The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction risk index predicted in-hospital mortality in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. ACP J Club. 2006 Sep-Oct;145(2):52. PubMed ID: 16944872
Scott WA. Reliability of content analysis: The case of nominal scale coding. Public Opinion Q. 1955; 19:321-325.
Seaberg DC, Yealy DM, Lukens T, et al. Multicenter comparison of two clinical decision rules for the use of radiography in acute, high-risk knee injuries. Ann Emerg Med. 1998 Jul;32(1):8-13. PubMed ID: 9656942
Segar WE. Parenteral fluid therapy. Curr Probl Pediatr. 1972; 3:23. PubMed ID: 4629983
Sequeira EM, Ping WZ. Clinical Probability Assessment and D-Dimer Test are the First Step in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism. IJSIT. 2019; 8(5):606-615.
Service FJ, Rizza RA, Zimmerman BR, et al. The classification of diabetes by clinical and C-peptide criteria. A prospective population-based study. Diabetes Care. 1997 Feb;20(2):198-201. PubMed ID: 9118774
Severinghaus JW. Simple, accurate equations for human blood O2 dissociation computations. J Appl Physiol. 1979 Mar;46(3):599-602. PubMed ID: 35496
Seymour CW, Kahn JM, Cooke CR, et al. Prediction of critical illness during out-of-hospital emergency care. JAMA. 2010 Aug 18;304(7):747-54. PubMed ID: 20716737
Sgarbossa EB, Pinski SL, Barbagelata A, et al. Electrocardiographic diagnosis of evolving acute myocardial infarction in the presence of left bundle-branch block. GUSTO-1 (Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries) Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1996 Feb 22;334(8):481-7. PubMed ID: 8559200
Shafi T, Zhu X, Lirette ST, et al. Quantifying Individual-Level Inaccuracy in Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimation : A Cross-Sectional Study. Ann Intern Med. 2022 Aug;175(8):1073-1082. PubMed ID: 35785532
Shah AG, Lydecker A, Murray K, et al. Comparison of noninvasive markers of fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Oct;7(10):1104-12. PubMed ID: 19523535
Shah KH, Metz HA, Edlow JA. Clinical prediction rules to stratify short-term risk of stroke among patients diagnosed in the emergency department with a transient ischemic attack. Ann Emerg Med. 2009 May;53(5):662-73. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.08.004. Epub 2008 Oct 11. PubMed ID: 18849093
Shah SJ, Eckman MH, Aspberg S, et al. Effect of Variation in Published Stroke Rates on the Net Clinical Benefit of Anticoagulation for Atrial Fibrillation. Ann Intern Med. 2018 Oct 16;169(8):517-527. PubMed ID: 30264130
Shalaurova I, Connelly MA, Garvey WT, Otvos JD. Lipoprotein insulin resistance index: a lipoprotein particle-derived measure of insulin resistance. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2014 Oct;12(8):422-9. PubMed ID: 24959989
Shank BR, Zimmerman DE. Demystifying Drug Dosing in Obese Patients. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Bethesda, MD 2016.
Shapiro NI, Wolfe RE, Moore RB, et al. Mortality in emergency department sepsis (MEDS) score: a prospectively derived and validated clinical prediction rule. Crit Care Med. 2003; 31: 670-5. PubMed ID: 12626967
Sharma P, Patel K, Baria K, et al. Procalcitonin level for prediction of postoperative infection in cardiac surgery. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann. 2016 May;24(4):344-9. PubMed ID: 27002098
Sheikh JI, Yesavage JA, Brooks JO 3rd, et al. Proposed factor structure of the Geriatric Depression Scale. Int Psychogeriatr. 1991 Spring;3(1):23-8. PubMed ID: 1863703
Sheikh JI, Yesavage JA. Geriatric Depression Scale; recent evidence and development of a shorter version. Clin. Gerontol. 1986:5:165-172.
Shorr AF, Sun X, Johannes RS, et al. Validation of a novel risk score for severity of illness in acute exacerbations of COPD. Chest. 2011 Nov;140(5):1177-83. Epub 2011 Apr 28. PubMed ID: 21527510
Siddique SM, Tipton K, Leas B, et al. The Impact of Health Care Algorithms on Racial and Ethnic Disparities : A Systematic Review. Ann Intern Med. 2024 Mar 12. PubMed ID: 38467001
Silaruks S, Thinkhamrop B, Tantikosum W, et al. A prognostic model for predicting the disappearance of left atrial thrombi among candidates for percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002; 39: 886-91. PubMed ID: 11869857
Silver D, Huang A, Maddison CJ, Guez A, et al. Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search. Nature. 2016 Jan 28;529(7587):484-9. PubMed ID: 26819042
Sim I. Two Ways of Knowing: Big Data and Evidence-Based Medicine. Ann Intern Med. 2016 Apr 19;164(8):562-3. PubMed ID: 26809201
Sims CJ, Meyn L, Caruana R, et al. Predicting cesarean delivery with decision tree models. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000:vol 183(5), p.1198-1206. PubMed ID: 11084566
Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, et al. The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016 Feb 23;315(8):801-10. PubMed ID: 26903338
Singh N, Rogers P, Atwood CW, et al. Short-course empiric antibiotic therapy for patients with pulmonary infiltrates in the intensive care unit. A proposed solution for indiscriminate antibiotic prescription. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Aug;162(2 Pt 1):505-11. PubMed ID: 10934078
Singh S, Dhingra S, Ramdath DD, et al. Risk factors preceding type 2 diabetes and cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2010 Oct;3(5):580-96. PubMed ID: 20593256
Sinha S, Das PS, Chakraborty S, et al. Inception of Medi Java: an Open Source Library for Medical Science. Int J of App Inf Sys. Volume 3(2), July 2012 pp 38-44.
Six AJ, Backus BE, Kelder JC. Chest pain in the emergency room: value of the HEART score. Neth Heart J. 2008 Jun;16(6):191-6. PubMed ID: 18665203
Sjakste T, Kalis M, Poudziunas I, et al. Association of microsatellite polymorphisms of the human 14q13.2 region with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Latvian and Finnish populations. Ann Hum Genet. 2007 Nov;71(Pt 6):772-6. Epub 2007 May 29. PubMed ID: 17535269
Sjakste T, Trapina I, Rumba-Rozenfelde I, et al. Identification of a novel candidate locus for juvenile idiopathic arthritis at 14q13.2 in the Latvian population by association analysis with microsatellite markers. DNA Cell Biol. 2010 Sep;29(9):543-51. PubMed ID: 20136554
Slater H, Goldfarb IW. The management of burn trauma: a house staff handbook. Western Pennsylvania Hospital. 2003: p 9-12.
Smith DA. ACP Journal Club. In adults without CVD, the MESA score, including coronary artery calcium, predicted 10-y risk for CHD events. Ann Intern Med. 2016 Mar 15;164(6):JC35. PubMed ID: 26974735
Smith DS, Richey EA, Brunetto WL. A Symptom-Based Rule for Diagnosis of COVID-19. SN Compr Clin Med. 2020 Oct 24:1-8. PubMed ID: 33134843
Smith GC, Pell JP. Parachute use to prevent death and major trauma related to gravitational challenge: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2003 Dec 20;327(7429):1459-61. Review. PubMed ID: 14684649
Smolen JS, Breedveld FC, Schiff MH, et al. A simplified disease activity index for rheumatoid arthritis for use in clinical practice. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2003 Feb;42(2):244-57. PubMed ID: 12595618
Sniderman AD, D'Agostino RB Sr, Pencina MJ. The Role of Physicians in the Era of Predictive Analytics. JAMA. 2015 Jul 7;314. PubMed ID: 26151261
Soares M, Dongelmans DA. Why should we not use APACHE II for performance measurement and benchmarking? Revista Brasileira de terapia intensiva. 2017 29:3; 268-270. PubMed ID: 28876406
Sobol JB, Gershengorn HB, Wunsch H, Li G. The surgical Apgar score is strongly associated with intensive care unit admission after high-risk intraabdominal surgery. Anesth Analg. 2013; 117:438. PubMed ID: 23744956
Soheilipour F, Pishgahroudsari M, Pazouki A. Overweight and Obesity Prevalence in Iranian Children Aged 8 - 12 Years; A Study in Tehran. J Compr Ped. 2022 August; 13(3):e120827.
Sokal JE, Cox EB, Baccarani M, et al. Prognostic discrimination in "good-risk" chronic granulocytic leukemia. Blood. 1984 Apr;63(4):789-99. PubMed ID: 6584184
Solomon DH, Stone PH, Glynn RJ, et al. Use of risk stratification to identify patients with unstable angina likeliest to benefit from an invasive versus conservative management strategy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001; 38: 969-76. PubMed ID: 11583866
Sousa A, Zaroukian MH. Handheld computing by resident physicians: Enhancing performance and demonstrating competence. Trends and New Technology. 2003 Vol. 6 No. 1 pp 21-32.
Spagnolli W, Rigoni M, Torri E, et al. Application of the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) as a stratification tool on admission in an Italian acute medical ward: A perspective study. Int J Clin Pract. 2017 Mar;71(3-4). PubMed ID: 28276182
Special Writing Group of the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young of the American Heart Association. Guidelines for the diagnosis of rheumatic fever. Jones Criteria, 1992 update. JAMA. 1992 Oct 21;268(15):2069-73. Erratum in: JAMA 1993 Jan 27;269(4):476. PubMed ID: 1404745
Spicer A, Lo V, Khemani RG, et al. Oxygenation index independently predicts mortality in pediatric acute lung injury in the era of low tidal volume ventilation. Pediatr Acad Soc Conf. 2013; 2912.
Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Lowe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006 May 22;166(10):1092-7. PubMed ID: 16717171
Stanley AJ, Ashley D, Dalton HR, et al. Outpatient management of patients with low-risk upper-gastrointestinal haemorrhage: multicentre validation and prospective evaluation. Lancet. 2009 Jan 3;373(9657):42-7. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61769-9. Epub 2008 Dec 16. PubMed ID: 19091393
Staples A, LeBlond R, Watkins S, et al. Validation of the revised Schwartz estimating equation in a predominantly non-CKD population. Pediatr Nephrol. 2010 Nov;25(11):2321-6. PubMed ID: 20652327
Stat!Ref. MedCalc 3000 Quick Start Guide. Teton Data Systems. http://www.statref.com/resources/PDFs/SROnline/MedCalcQuickGuide.pdf accessed 2/8/2015.
States JD, Fenner HA, Flamboe EE, et al. Field application and research development of the abbreviated injury scale. Proceedings of the 15th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1971; Coronado, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:710-738. SAE 710873.
Steffer KJ, Santa Ana CA, Cole JA, Fordtran JS. The practical value of comprehensive stool analysis in detecting the cause of idiopathic chronic diarrhea. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2012 Sep;41(3):539-60. PubMed ID: 22917163
Stein MB, Roy-Byrne PP, McQuaid JR, et al. Development of a brief diagnostic screen for panic disorder in primary care. Psychosom Med. 1999; 61: 359-64. PubMed ID: 10367617
Steinberg DI. ACP Journal Club. Review: Risk prediction scales have different strengths and weaknesses for predicting mortality in community-acquired pneumonia. Ann Intern Med. 2011 Apr 19;154(8):JC4-12. doi: 10.1059/0003-4819-154-8-201104190-02012. PubMed ID: 21502638
Steinhart B, Thorpe KE, Bayoumi AM, et al. Improving the diagnosis of acute heart failure using a validated prediction model. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009 Oct 13;54(16):1515-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.05.065. PubMed ID: 19815122
Stendahl-Brodin L, Link H. Relation between benign course of multiple sclerosis and low-grade humoral immune response in cerebrospinal fluid. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1980 Feb;43(2):102-5. PubMed ID: 7359146
Sterling RK, Patel K, Duarte-Rojo A, et al. AASLD Practice Guideline on blood-based noninvasive liver disease assessment of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis. Hepatology. 2025; 81:321. PubMed ID: 38489523
Stern MP, Williams K, Haffner SM. Identification of persons at high risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus: do we need the oral glucose tolerance test? Ann Intern Med. 2002 Apr 16;136(8):575-81. PubMed ID: 11955025
Stiell IG, Clement CM, Brison RJ, et al. A risk scoring system to identify emergency department patients with heart failure at high risk for serious adverse events. Acad Emerg Med. 2013 Jan;20(1):17-26. PubMed ID: 23570474
Stiell IG, Clement CM, Rowe BH, et al. Comparison of the Canadian CT Head Rule and the New Orleans Criteria in patients with minor head injury. JAMA. 2005 Sep 28;294(12):1511-8. PubMed ID: 16189364
Stiell IG, Greenberg GH, McKnight RD, et al. A study to develop clinical decision rules for the use of radiography in acute ankle injuries. Ann Emerg Med. 1992 Apr;21(4):384-90. PubMed ID: 1554175
Stiell IG, Greenberg GH, McKnight RD, et.al. Decision rules for the use of radiography in acute ankle injuries. Refinement and prospective validation. . JAMA. 1993 Mar 3;269(9):1127-32. PubMed ID: 8433468
Stiell IG, Greenberg GH, Wells GA, et al. Prospective validation of a decision rule for the use of radiography in acute knee injuries. JAMA. 1996 Feb 28;275(8):611-615. PubMed ID: 8594242
Stiell IG, McKnight RD, Greenberg GH, et al. Implementation of the Ottawa ankle rules. JAMA. 1994 Mar 16;271(11):827-832. PubMed ID: 8114236
Stiell IG, McKnight RD, Greenberg GH, et al. Interobserver agreement in the examination of acute ankle injury patients. Am J Emerg Med. 1992 Jan;10(1):14-17. PubMed ID: 1736906
Stiell IG, Wells GA, McDowell I, et al. Use of radiography in acute knee injuries: need for clinical decision rules. Acad Emerg Med. 1995 Nov;2(11):966-73. PubMed ID: 8536122
Stiell IG, Wells GA, Vandenheen K, et al. The Canadian CT Head Rule for patients with minor head injury. Lancet. 2001; 357: 1391-6. PubMed ID: 11356436
Stocks J, Quanjer PH. Reference values for residual volume, functional residual capacity and total lung capacity. ATS Workshop on Lung Volume Measurements. Official Statement of The European Respiratory Society. Eur Respir J. 1995; 8:492. PubMed ID: 7789503
Stone NJ, Robinson J, Lichtenstein AH, et al. 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2013 Nov 12. PubMed ID: 24222016
Stram M, Gigliotti T, Hartman D, et al. Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes for Laboratorians. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2019 Jun 20. PubMed ID: 31219342
Strate LL, Orav EJ, Syngal S. Early predictors of severity in acute lower intestinal tract bleeding. Arch Intern Med. 2003; 163: 838-43. PubMed ID: 12695275
Straus S, Haynes B, Glasziou P, Dickersin K, Guyatt G. Misunderstandings, misperceptions, and mistakes. ACP J Club. 2007. Jan-Feb;146(1):A8-9. PubMed ID: 17203920
Stuppaeck CH, Barnas C, et al. Assessment of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome - validity and reliability of the translated and modified Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol scale (CIWA-A). Addiction. 1994; 89:1287-1292. PubMed ID: 7804089
Suhadi R, Hendra P, Virginia DM, Setiawan CH. Eating behavior affects cardio-metabolic risk in high school teenagers in a developing country. Med J Indones. 2020; 29(1):71.
Sullivan JT, Sykora K, et al. Assessment of alcohol withdrawal: The revised clinical institute withdrawal assessment for alcohol scale (CIWA-Ar). Br J Addiction. 1989; 84:1353-1357. PubMed ID: 2597811
Summers MC, Biggers JD. Chemically defined media and the culture of mammalian preimplantation embryos: historical perspective and current issues. Hum Reprod Update. 2003 Nov-Dec;9(6):557-82. Review. PubMed ID: 14714592
Swensen SJ, Silverstein MD, Ilstrup DM, et al. The probability of malignancy in solitary pulmonary nodules. Application to small radiologically indeterminate nodules. Arch Intern Med. 1997 Apr 28;157(8):849-55. PubMed ID: 9129544
Tabak YP, Sun X, Johannes RS, et al. Mortality and need for mechanical ventilation in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: development and validation of a simple risk score. Arch Intern Med. 2009 Sep 28;169(17):1595-602. PubMed ID: 19786679
Tabas JA, Rodriguez RM, Seligman HK, Goldschlager NF. Electrocardiographic criteria for detecting acute myocardial infarction in patients with left bundle branch block: a meta-analysis. Ann Emerg Med. 2008 Oct;52(4):329-336.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.12.006. Epub 2008 Mar 17. PubMed ID: 18342992
Taksler GB, Keshner M, Fagerlin A, et al. Personalized estimates of benefit from preventive care guidelines: a proof of concept. Ann Intern Med. 2013 Aug 6;159(3):161-8. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-159-3-201308060-00005. PubMed ID: 23922061
Talley NJ, Phillips SF, Melton LJ, et al. Diagnostic value of the Manning criteria in irritable bowel syndrome. Gut. 1990;31:77-81. BMJ Publishing Group, London, England. PubMed ID: 2318433
Tammemagi MC, Katki HA, Hocking WG, et al. Selection criteria for lung-cancer screening. N Engl J Med. 2013 Feb 21;368(8):728-36. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1211776. PubMed ID: 23425165
Tan EM, et al. The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 25:1271, 1982. PubMed ID: 7138600
Taner MT, Sezen B, Atwat K. A comparison of two diagnostic performance measures: signal-to-noise ratio versus partial area under receiver operating characteristic curve. Int J Health Care Qual Assur. 2013;26(2):109-17. PubMed ID: 23534147
Tangri N, Grams ME, Levey AS, et al. Multinational Assessment of Accuracy of Equations for Predicting Risk of Kidney Failure: A Meta-analysis. JAMA. 2016 Jan 12;315(2):164-74. PubMed ID: 26757465
Tangri N, Stevens LA, Griffith J, et al. A predictive model for progression of chronic kidney disease to kidney failure. JAMA. 2011 Apr 20;305(15):1553-9. PubMed ID: 21482743
Tanner JM, Goldstein H, Whitehouse RH. Standards for children's height at ages 2-9 years allowing for heights of parents. Arch Dis Child. 1970 Dec;45(244):755-62. PubMed ID: 5491878
Tawinee P, Suthabordee C, Phat N. The development of computer program to calculate Creatinine Clearance and adjust dose of antimicrobials in renal insufficiency patients (Thai language). Bangkok. p.23, 25.
Teasdale G, Jennett B. Assessment of coma and impaired conciousness: a practical scale. Lancet. 1974; 2:81-84. PubMed ID: 4136544
Tefferi A, Guglielmelli P, Lasho TL, et al. MIPSS70+ Version 2.0: Mutation and Karyotype-Enhanced International Prognostic Scoring System for Primary Myelofibrosis. J Clin Oncol. 2018; 36:1769. PubMed ID: 29708808
Tefferi A, Guglielmelli P, Nicolosi M, et al. GIPSS: genetically inspired prognostic scoring system for primary myelofibrosis. Leukemia. 2018; 32:1631. PubMed ID: 29654267
Tefferi A, Lasho TL, Jimma T, et al. One thousand patients with primary myelofibrosis: the Mayo Clinic experience. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Jan;87(1):25-33. PubMed ID: 22212965
Tefferi A, Nicolosi M, Mudireddy M, et al. Revised cytogenetic risk stratification in primary myelofibrosis: analysis based on 1002 informative patients. Leukemia. 2018; 32:1189. PubMed ID: 29472717
Teh SH, Nagorney DM, Stevens SR, et al. Risk factors for mortality after surgery in patients with cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2007 Apr;132(4):1261-9. PubMed ID: 17408652
Tessler FN, Middleton WD, Grant EG, et al. ACR Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS): White Paper of the ACR TI-RADS Committee. J Am Coll Radiol. 2017; 14:587. PubMed ID: 28372962
The International Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Prognostic Factors Project. A predictive model for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 1993 Sep 30;329(14):987-94. PubMed ID: 8141877
The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Predictors of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: I. Clinical features of patients at risk. Ann Intern Med. 1992 Jan 1;116(1). PubMed ID: 1727091
The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) PELD score: https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/learn/professional-education.
Tice JA, Cummings SR, Smith-Bindman R, et al. Using clinical factors and mammographic breast density to estimate breast cancer risk: development and validation of a new predictive model. Ann Intern Med. 2008; 148:337. PubMed ID: 18316752
Tice JA, Miglioretti DL, Li CS, et al. Breast Density and Benign Breast Disease: Risk Assessment to Identify Women at High Risk of Breast Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015; 33:3137. PubMed ID: 26282663
Tipton K, Leas BF, Flores E, et al. Impact of Healthcare Algorithms on Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health and Healthcare. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US). 2023 Dec. Report No.: 24-EHC004. PubMed ID: 38147523
Torresan F, Ioannou A, Azzaroli F, Bazzoli F. Treatment of achalasia in the era of high-resolution manometry. Ann Gastroenterol. 2015 Jul-Sep;28(3):301-308. PubMed ID: 26130022
Trachsel D, McCrindle BW, Nakagawa S, Bohn D. Oxygenation index predicts outcome in children with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005; 172:206. PubMed ID: 15817802
Trapina I, Rumba-Rozenfelde I, Sjakste N, et al. Association study of genetic varients in the 14q11-14q13 proteasomal genes cluster with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthrits (JIA) in Latvian population. Proc Latvian Acad Sci. Section B, Vol. 63 (2009), No. 4/5 (663/664), pp. 214-21.
Trevino G. Consensus statement on the Worldwide Standardization of the Hemoglobin A1C Measurement: the American Diabetes Association, European Association for the Study of Diabetes, International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, and the International Diabetes Federation: response to the Consensus Committee. Diabetes Care. 2007 Dec;30(12):e141. PubMed ID: 18042750
Trey C, Burns DG, Saunders SJ. Treatment of hepatic coma by exchange blood transfusion. NEJM. 1966; 274:473. PubMed ID: 5904286
Trinh D, Tran A, Bui M, et al. Efficacy of Shen Cao Gan Jiang Tang on Non-severe COVID-19 Patients: A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label Clinical Trial. Cureus. 16(6): e62380. PubMed ID: 39006557
Tsai TT, Patel UD, Chang TI, et al. Validated contemporary risk model of acute kidney injury in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions: insights from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry Cath-PCI Registry. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014 Dec;3(6):e001380. PubMed ID: 25516439
Tunkel AR. Approach to the patient with central nervous system infection. In: Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 7th ed, Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R (Eds), Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Philadelphia 2010. Vol 1, p.1183.
Tur C, Montalban X. Natalizumab: risk stratification of individual patients with multiple sclerosis. CNS Drugs. 2014 Jul;28(7):641-8. PubMed ID: 24942634
Turner D, Otley AR, Mack D, et al. Development, validation, and evaluation of a pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index: a prospective multicenter study. Gastroenterology. 2007; 133:423. PubMed ID: 17681163
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Devices and Radiological Health. Clinical Decision Support Software. Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staf. Document issued on January 6, 2026.
U.S. Public Health Service. A clinical practice guideline for treating tobacco use and dependence. JAMA. 2000, 283:3244-54. PubMed ID: 10866874
Udell JA, Wang CS, Tinmouth J, et al. Does this patient with liver disease have cirrhosis? JAMA. 2012 Feb 22;307(8):832-42. PubMed ID: 22357834
Ukoh UC, Ujunwa FA, Muoneke UV, et al. Oscillometric blood pressure profile of adolescent secondary school students in Abakaliki metropolis. Ann Afr Med. 2020 Jan-Mar;19(1):31-39. PubMed ID: 32174613
UpToDate. Medical Calculators for easy access to numerical data. UpToDate Expert User Series. 2015 ePub.
US Preventive Services Task Force, Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, et al. Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2016 Nov 15;316(19):1997-2007. PubMed ID: 27838723
Util R F. Informatica medica al srvicio de la medicina de urgencia. Pontificia Universidad Catholica de Chile. p. 9, p. 23.
Uzendu A, Kennedy K, Chertow G, et al. Contemporary Methods for Predicting Acute Kidney Injury After Coronary Intervention. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2023 Sep 25;16(18):2294-2305. PubMed ID: 37758384
Vaishnava P, Eagle KA. ACP Journal Club. ACC/AHA, Adult Treatment Panel III, and ESC guidelines overestimated risk for CVD in older adults. Ann Intern Med. 2014 Aug 19;161(4):JC13. PubMed ID: 25133380
Vale JA, Proudfoot AT. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning. Lancet. 1995 Aug 26;346(8974):547-52. Review. PubMed ID: 7658783
Valente Silva B, Placido R, Jorge C, et al. Prognostic Accuracy of the Modified CHA2DS2-VASc Score in COVID-19 Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department Due to Clinical Worsening. Acta Med Port. 2021 Nov 26. PubMed ID: 34837357
Vallet-Pichard A, Mallet V, Nalpas B, et al. FIB-4: an inexpensive and accurate marker of fibrosis in HCV infection. Comparison with liver biopsy and fibrotest. Hepatology. 2007; 46:32. PubMed ID: 17567829
Vallet-Pichard A, Mallet V, Nalpas B, et al. FIB-4: an inexpensive and accurate marker of fibrosis in HCV infection. comparison with liver biopsy and fibrotest. Hepatology. 2007 Jul;46(1):32-6. PubMed ID: 17567829
van Dam PM, Zelis N, Stassen P, et al. Validating the RISE UP score for predicting prognosis in patients with COVID-19 in the emergency department: a retrospective study. BMJ Open. 2021 Feb 5;11(2):e045141. PubMed ID: 33550267
van der Heijde DM, van 't Hof M, van Riel PL, van de Putte LB. Development of a disease activity score based on judgment in clinical practice by rheumatologists. J Rheumatol. 1993 Mar;20(3):579-81. PubMed ID: 8478878
van der Velde EF, Toll DB, Ten Cate-Hoek AJ, et al. Comparing the diagnostic performance of 2 clinical decision rules to rule out deep vein thrombosis in primary care patients. Ann Fam Med. 2011 Jan-Feb;9(1):31-6. doi: 10.1370/afm.1198. PubMed ID: 21242558
van der Zanden TM, Goedknegt L, de Hoog M, et al. Development and implementation of a paediatric dosing calculator integrated in the Dutch Paediatric Formulary. Drugs & Therapy Perspectives. 2020 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40267-020-00724-y.
van Kleef LA, Francque SM, Prieto-Ortiz JE, et al. Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fibrosis 5 (MAF-5) Score Predicts Liver Fibrosis Risk and Outcome in the General Population With Metabolic Dysfunction. Gastroenterology. 2024 Jul;167(2):357-367.e9. PubMed ID: 38513745
van Sleeuwen D, Zegers M, Ramjith J, et al. Prediction of Long-Term Physical, Mental, and Cognitive Problems Following Critical Illness: Development and External Validation of the PROSPECT Prediction Model. Crit Care Med. 2023 Dec 15. PubMed ID: 38099732
van Walraven C, Dhalla IA, Bell C, Etchells E, et al. Derivation and validation of an index to predict early death or unplanned readmission after discharge from hospital to the community. CMAJ. 2010 Apr 6;182(6):551-7. PubMed ID: 20194559
Vandenberk B, Vandael E, Robyns T, et al. Which QT Correction Formulae to Use for QT Monitoring? J Am Heart Assoc. 2016 Jun 17;5(6). PubMed ID: 27317349
Vandenberk B, Vandael E, Robyns T, et al. Which QT Correction Formulae to Use for QT Monitoring? J Am Heart Assoc. 2016; 5:e003264. PubMed ID: 27317349
Vasan RS, van den Heuvel E. Differences in estimates for 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in Black versus White individuals with identical risk factor profiles using pooled cohort equations: an in silico cohort study. Lancet Digit Health. 2022 Jan;4(1):e55-e63. PubMed ID: 34952676
Vaziri S, Bikkina M, Levy D. Comment on article above. Ann Intern Med. 1992 Jul 1;117(1):89-90. PubMed ID: 1596053
Vega IL, Griswold MK, Laskey D. Acute Medication Poisoning. Am Fam Physician. 2024 Feb;109(2):143-153. PubMed ID: 38393798
Ventola CL. Mobile devices and apps for health care professionals: uses and benefits. P T. 2014 May;39(5):356-64. PubMed ID: 24883008
Viikki K, Kentala E, Juhola M, Pyykko I. Decision tree induction in the diagnosis of otoneurological diseases. Med Inform Internet Med. 1999 Oct-Dec;24(4):277-89. PubMed ID: 10674419
Villar J, Giuliani F, Barros F, et al. Monitoring the Postnatal Growth of Preterm Infants: A Paradigm Change. Pediatrics. 2018 Feb;141(2):e20172467. PubMed ID: 29301912
Vincent JL, de Mendonca A, Cantraine F, et al. Use of the SOFA score to assess the incidence of organ dysfunction/failure in intensive care units: results of a multicenter, prospective study. Working group on "sepsis-related problems" of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Crit Care Med. 1998 Nov;26(11):1793-800. PubMed ID: 9824069
Vreeman DJ, Abhyankar S, McDonald CJ. Response to Unit conversions between LOINC codes. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2018 May 1;25(5):614-615. PubMed ID: 29025119
Vrints C, Andreotti F, Koskinas KC, et al. 2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of chronic coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2024; 45:3415. PubMed ID: 39210710
Vyas DA, Eisenstein LG, Jones DS. Hidden in Plain Sight - Reconsidering the Use of Race Correction in Clinical Algorithms. N Engl J Med. 2020 Aug 27;383(9):874-882. PubMed ID: 32853499
Waddell G, Newton M, Henderson I, et al. A Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) and the role of fear-avoidance beliefs in chronic low back pain and disability. Pain. 1993 Feb;52(2):157-68. PubMed ID: 8455963
Wai CT, Greenson JK, Fontana RJ, et al. A simple noninvasive index can predict both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2003 Aug;38(2):518-26. PubMed ID: 12883497
Walter LC, Brand RJ, Counsell SR, et al. Development and validation of a prognostic index for 1 year mortality in older adults after hospitalization. JAMA. 2001; 285: 2987-94. PubMed ID: 11410097
Walton, RJ, Bijvoet OL. Nomogram for derivation of renal threshold phosphate concentration. Lancet. 1975; 2:309. PubMed ID: 50513
Wang TJ, Massaro JM, Levy D, et al. A risk score for predicting stroke or death in individuals with new-onset atrial fibrillation in the community: the Framingham Heart Study. JAMA. 2003 Aug 27;290(8):1049-56. PubMed ID: 12941677
Wang X, Lewis J, Appel L, et al. Validation of creatinine-based estimates of GFR when evaluating risk factors in longitudinal studies of kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006 Oct;17(10):2900-9. PubMed ID: 16988064
Warshaw AL, Fuller AF Jr. Specificity of increased renal clearance of amylase in diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. N Engl J Med. 1975 Feb 13;292(7):325-8. PubMed ID: 1117961
Wasson JH, Sox HC. Clinical prediction rules. Have they come of age? JAMA. 1996 Feb 28;275(8):641-2. PubMed ID: 8594248
Watson PE, Watson ID, Batt RD. Total body water volumes for adult males and females estimated from simple anthropometric measurements. Am J Clin Nutr. 1980 Jan;33(1):27-39. PubMed ID: 6986753
Weber M, Hamm C. Role of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and NT-proBNP in clinical routine. Heart. 2006 Jun;92(6):843-9. PubMed ID: 16698841
Wegwarth O, Schwartz LM, Woloshin S, et al. Do physicians understand cancer screening statistics? A national survey of primary care physicians in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 2012 Mar 6;156(5):340-9. doi: 10.1059/0003-4819-156-5-201203060-00005. PubMed ID: 22393129
Weiss G, Goodnough LT. Anemia of chronic disease. N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 10;352(10):1011-23. Review. PubMed ID: 15758012
Wellard S, Lo K. Comparing Norton, Braden and Waterlow risk assessment scales for pressure ulcers in spinal cord injuries. Contemp Nurse. 2000 Jun;9(2):155-60. PubMed ID: 11855004
Wellbery C. The value of medical uncertainty? Lancet. 2010 May 15;375(9727):1686-7. PubMed ID: 20480942
Wells PS, Anderson DR, Bormanis J, et al. Value of assessment of pretest probability of deep-vein thrombosis in clinical management. Lancet. 1997 Dec 20-27;350(9094):1795-8. PubMed ID: 9428249
Wells PS, Anderson DR, Rodger M, et al. Derivation of a simple clinical model to categorize patients probability of pulmonary embolism: increasing the models utility with the SimpliRED D-dimer. Thromb Haemost. 2000 Mar;83(3):416-20. PubMed ID: 10744147
Wells PS, Anderson DR, Rodger M, et al. Evaluation of D-dimer in the diagnosis of suspected deep-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med. 2003 Sep 25;349(13):1227-35. PubMed ID: 14507948
Wells PS, Forgie MA, Simms M, et al. The outpatient bleeding risk index: validation of a tool for predicting bleeding rates in patients treated for DVT and PE. Arch Intern Med. 2003; 163: 917-20. PubMed ID: 12719200
Wesson DR, Ling W. The Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS). J Psychoactive Drugs. 2003 Apr-Jun;35(2):253-9. PubMed ID: 12924748
West ML, Marsden PA, Richardson RM, et al. New clinical approach to evaluate disorders of potassium excretion. Mineral Electrolyt Metab. 12:234,1986. PubMed ID: 3762510
Westerway SC, Davison A, Cowell S. Ultrasonic fetal measurements: new Australian standards for the new millennium. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2000 Aug;40(3):297-302. PubMed ID: 11065037
Westley CR, Cotton EK, Brooks JG. Nebulized racemic epinephrine by IPPB for the treatment of croup: a double-blind study. Am J Dis Child. 1978 May;132(5):484-7. PubMed ID: 347921
Weston AP, Sharma P, Mathur S, et al. Risk stratification of Barrett's esophagus: updated prospective multivariate analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004 Sep;99(9):1657-66. PubMed ID: 15330898
Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018; 71:e127. PubMed ID: 29146535
White SJ, Rumack BH. The acetaminophen toxicity equations: "solutions" for acetaminophen toxicity based on the Rumack-Matthew nomogram. Ann Emerg Med. 2005 May;45(5):563-4. PubMed ID: 15855961
Wild D. ACP Journal Club. CHADS2 score predicted bleeding and death in atrial fibrillation treated with anticoagulants. Ann Intern Med. 2012 Apr 17;156(8):JC4-13. doi: 10.1059/0003-4819-156-8-201204170-02013. PubMed ID: 22508753
Williams K, Hagemann TM, Schaeffer S. Use of electronic learning modules for teaching pharmacy and nursing staff: How to locate and utilize drug information sources in a poison control center. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning. 5(2013)39-43.
Wilson ME, Spiegelhalter D, Robertson JA, Lesser P. Predicting difficult intubation. Br J Anaesth. 1988 Aug;61(2):211-6. PubMed ID: 3415893
Windish D. EBM apps that help you search for answers to your clinical questions. Evid Based Med. 2014 Jun;19(3):85-7. PubMed ID: 24530997
Winnicki E, McCulloch CE, Mitsnefes MM, et al. Use of the Kidney Failure Risk Equation to Determine the Risk of Progression to End-stage Renal Disease in Children With Chronic Kidney Disease. JAMA Pediatr. 2017 Dec 18. PubMed ID: 29255845
Winther S, Schmidt SE, Rasmussen LD, et al. Validation of the European Society of Cardiology pre-test probability model for obstructive coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J. 2021; 42:1401. PubMed ID: 33180904
Wisnivesky JP, Henschke C, Balentine J, et al. Prospective validation of a prediction model for isolating inpatients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis. Arch Int Med. 165: Feb 2005,453-457. PubMed ID: 15738377
Wiviott SD, Morrow DA, Frederick PD, et al., National Registry of Myocardial Infarction. Application of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction risk index in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: evaluation of patients in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006 Apr 18;47(8):1553-8. Epub 2006 Mar 29. PubMed ID: 16630990
Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Belanger AJ, Kannel WB. Probability of stroke: a risk profile from the Framingham Study. Stroke. 1991 Mar;22(3):312-8. PubMed ID: 2003301
Wolff RF, Moons KGM, Riley RD, et al. PROBAST: A Tool to Assess the Risk of Bias and Applicability of Prediction Model Studies. Ann Intern Med. 2019 Jan 1;170(1):51-58. PubMed ID: 30596875
Wolowich WR, Steinberg JG. External validation of aminoglycoside models used in web calculators and clinical decision support systems after laboratory conversion to serum creatinine isotope dilution mass spectrometry assay. Clin Ther. 2012 Apr;34(4):803-10. PubMed ID: 22421578
World Health Organization. Energy and protein requirements, Report of a joint FAO/WHO/UNU expert consultation. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/39527 (Accessed on November 18, 2020).
Worster A. ACP Journal Club. Review: 3 prediction rules, particularly ABCD, identify ED patients who can be discharged with low risk for stroke after TIA. Ann Intern Med. 2009 Sep 15;151(6):JC3-15. PubMed ID: 19755361
Wrenn K. The delta (delta) gap: an approach to mixed acid-base disorders. Ann Emerg Med. 1990 Nov;19(11):1310-3. PubMed ID: 2240729
Wu BU, Johannes RS, Sun X, et al. The early prediction of mortality in acute pancreatitis: a large population-based study. Gut. 2008 Dec;57(12):1698-703. PubMed ID: 18519429
Wurzer P, Parvizi D, Lumenta DB, et al. Smartphone applications in burns. Burns. 2015 Feb 2. pii: S0305-4179(14)00408-2. PubMed ID: 25655039
Yadlowsky S, Hayward RA, Sussman JB, et al. Implications of Revised Pooled Cohort Equations for Estimating Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Ann Intern Med. 2018 Jul 3;169(1):20-29. PubMed ID: 29868850
Yan L, Zhang HT, Xiao Y, et al. Prediction of criticality in patients with severe Covid-19 infection using three clinical features: a machine learning-based prognostic model with clinical data in Wuhan. MedRxiv, the Preprint Server for health Sciences. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.27.20028027v2 accessed 3/17/2020.
Yealy DM, Auble TE. Choosing between clinical prediction rules. N Engl J Med. 2003 Dec 25;349(26):2553-5. PubMed ID: 14695417
Yeh RW, Valsdottir LR, Yeh MW, et al. PARACHUTE Investigators. Parachute use to prevent death and major trauma when jumping from aircraft: randomized controlled trial. BMJ. 2018 Dec 13;363:k5094. PubMed ID: 30545967
Yesavage JA, Brink TL, Rose TL, et al. Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. J Psychiatr Res. 1982-1983;17(1):37-49. PubMed ID: 7183759
Yock PG, Popp RL. Noninvasive estimation of right ventricular systolic pressure by Doppler ultrasound in patients with tricuspid regurgitation. Circulation. 1984 Oct;70(4):657-62. PubMed ID: 6478568
Yoo JH. The Meaning of Information Technology (IT) Mobile Devices to Me, the Infectious Disease Physician. Infect Chemother. 2013 Jun;45(2):244-51. PubMed ID: 24265976
Young C. Medico-Legal Research Using Evidence-Based Medicine. Law Library Journal. 2010 Vol. 102(3) pp 449-77.
Young DS. Implementation of SI Units for Clinical Laboratory Data. Ann Int Med. 1987; 106:114. PubMed ID: 3789557
Zakai NA, Wilkinson K, Sparks AD, et al. Development and validation of a risk model for hospital-acquired venous thrombosis: the Medical Inpatients Thrombosis and Hemostasis study. J Thromb Haemost. 2023 Oct 31:S1538-7836(23)00784-5. PubMed ID: 37918635
Zaroukian MH, Sousa A. Handheld computing in resident education: Benefits, barriers, and considerations. Trends and New Technology. 2002 vol. 5 no. 4, pp 33-44.
Zerah-Lancner F, Lofaso F, d'Ortho MP, et al. Predictive value of pulmonary function parameters for sleep apnea syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Dec;162(6):2208-12. PubMed ID: 11112139
Zhang MW, Ho RC, Hawa R, Sockalingam S. Analysis of the Information Quality of Bariatric Surgery Smartphone Applications Using the Silberg Scale. Obes Surg. 2015 Sep 30. PubMed ID: 26424704
Zhang Y, Yang L, Hou Y, et al. Performance of the Simplified American Academy of Pediatrics Table to Screen Elevated Blood Pressure in Children. JAMA Pediatr. 2018; 172:1196. PubMed ID: 30105363
Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study [Supplemental Material]. Lancet. https://www.thelancet.com/cms/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3/attachment/27d0a2d9-639c-41ec-bb37-96b83a72db44/mmc1.pdf accessed 3/18/2020.
Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020 Mar 11. pii: S0140-6736(20)30566-3. PubMed ID: 32171076
Zhu J, Zhang D, Wu F, et al. Single nucleotide polymorphisms at the TRAF1/C5 locus are associated with rheumatoid arthritis in a Han Chinese population. BMC Med Genet. 2011 Apr 14;12:53. PubMed ID: 21492465
Zhu Q, Geng P, Ling B, Chen K. Prognostic value of the lactate-to-albumin ratio for in-hospital mortality in severe acute pancreatitis with acute kidney injury: A retrospective cohort study. Am J Emerg Med. 2025 Sep 25;99:207-214. PubMed ID: 41056810
Ziepert M, Hasenclever D, Kuhnt E, et al. Standard International prognostic index remains a valid predictor of outcome for patients with aggressive CD20+ B-cell lymphoma in the rituximab era. J Clin Oncol. 2010 May 10;28(14):2373-80. Epub 2010 Apr 12. Erratum in: J Clin Oncol. 2011 Feb 20;29(6):779. PubMed ID: 20385988
Zisman A, Pantuck AJ, Wieder J, et al. Risk group assessment and clinical outcome algorithm to predict the natural history of patients with surgically resected renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2002; 20(23):4559. PubMed ID: 12454113

Legal Notices and Disclaimer

All information contained in and produced by the EBMcalc system is provided for educational purposes only. This information should not be used for the diagnosis or treatment of any health problem or disease. THIS INFORMATION IS NOT INTENDED TO REPLACE CLINICAL JUDGMENT OR GUIDE INDIVIDUAL PATIENT CARE IN ANY MANNER. EBMcalc is NOT a medical device. EBMcalc NEVER stores cookies or other persistent data in user's browsers. Click here for full notice and disclaimer.